A nanocomposite has a core-shell structure with an outer shell and an inner core. The, outer shell is a graphitized carbon film, and the inner core contains nickel oxide and alumina, with a nickel oxide content of 59%-80%, an alumina content of 19%-40%, and a carbon content of not more than 1%, based on the total weight of the nanocomposite. The process for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds may utilize the nanocomposite as a catalyst.

A nanocomposite has a core-shell structure with an outer shell and an inner core. The, outer shell is a graphitized carbon film, and the inner core contains nickel oxide and alumina, with a nickel oxide content of 59%-80%, an alumina content of 19%-40%, and a carbon content of not more than 1%, based on the total weight of the nanocomposite. The process for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds may utilize the nanocomposite as a catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method for producing supported catalysts, comprising: providing a metal foam element A, which consists of metallic cobalt, an alloy of nickel and cobalt, or an arrangement of layers of nickel and cobalt, lying one over the other; applying an aluminum-containing powder MP to metal foam element A in order to obtain metal foam element AX; thermally treating metal foam element AX to achieve alloy formation between metal foam element A and aluminum-containing powder MP, in order to obtain metal foam element B; oxidatively treating metal foam element B, in order to obtain metal foam element C; and applying a catalytically active layer, comprising at least one support oxide and at least one catalytically active component, to at least part of the surface of metal foam element C, in order to obtain a supported catalyst. The present invention further relates to the supported catalysts that can be obtained using the method and to the use of said supported catalysts in chemical transformations.

The present invention relates to a method for producing supported catalysts, comprising: providing a metal foam element A, which consists of metallic cobalt, an alloy of nickel and cobalt, or an arrangement of layers of nickel and cobalt, lying one over the other; applying an aluminum-containing powder MP to metal foam element A in order to obtain metal foam element AX; thermally treating metal foam element AX to achieve alloy formation between metal foam element A and aluminum-containing powder MP, in order to obtain metal foam element B; oxidatively treating metal foam element B, in order to obtain metal foam element C; and applying a catalytically active layer, comprising at least one support oxide and at least one catalytically active component, to at least part of the surface of metal foam element C, in order to obtain a supported catalyst. The present invention further relates to the supported catalysts that can be obtained using the method and to the use of said supported catalysts in chemical transformations.

Process for preparing a catalyst composition containing a modified crystalline aluminosilicate and a binder, wherein the catalyst composition comprises from 5 to 95% by weight of crystalline aluminosilicate as based on the total weight of the catalyst composition, the process being remarkable in that it comprises a step of steaming said crystalline aluminosilicate: at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 380° C.; under a gas phase atmosphere containing from 5 wt % to 100 wt % of steam; at a pressure ranging from 2 to 200 bars; at a partial pressure of H.sub.2O ranging from 2 to 200 bars; and said steaming being performed during at least 30 min and up to 144 h;
and in that the process also comprises a step of shaping, or of extruding, the crystalline aluminosilicate with a binder, wherein the binder is selected to comprise at least 85 wt % of silica as based on the total weight of the binder, and less than 1000 ppm by weight as based on the total weight of the binder of aluminium, gallium, boron, iron and/or chromium.

Process for preparing a catalyst composition containing a modified crystalline aluminosilicate and a binder, wherein the catalyst composition comprises from 5 to 95% by weight of crystalline aluminosilicate as based on the total weight of the catalyst composition, the process being remarkable in that it comprises a step of steaming said crystalline aluminosilicate: at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 380° C.; under a gas phase atmosphere containing from 5 wt % to 100 wt % of steam; at a pressure ranging from 2 to 200 bars; at a partial pressure of H.sub.2O ranging from 2 to 200 bars; and said steaming being performed during at least 30 min and up to 144 h;
and in that the process also comprises a step of shaping, or of extruding, the crystalline aluminosilicate with a binder, wherein the binder is selected to comprise at least 85 wt % of silica as based on the total weight of the binder, and less than 1000 ppm by weight as based on the total weight of the binder of aluminium, gallium, boron, iron and/or chromium.

Processes for producing an activated chromium catalyst are disclosed, and these processes comprise contacting a supported chromium catalyst with a gas stream containing from 25-60 vol % oxygen at a peak activation temperature of 550-900° C. to produce the activated chromium catalyst. The linear velocity of the gas stream is 0.18-0.4 ft/sec, and the oxygen linear velocity of the gas stream is 0.05-0.15 ft/sec. The resultant activated chromium catalyst and an optional co-catalyst can be contacted with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in a polymerization reactor system under polymerization conditions to produce an olefin polymer.

Provided is a shortened fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB) obtained by shortening a CNB having a length of 1 μm or more and a diameter in the short direction in the range of 30 to 100 nm, by oxidizing, stirring in an acid solution, subjecting to an ultrasonic treatment in a liquid, followed by cutting. The shortened CNB has an end surface on which no tip of the plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns is disposed toward the longitudinal direction at least one end in the longitudinal direction, and has an excellent dispersibility by shortening the length to less than 1 μm.

Provided is a shortened fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB) obtained by shortening a CNB having a length of 1 μm or more and a diameter in the short direction in the range of 30 to 100 nm, by oxidizing, stirring in an acid solution, subjecting to an ultrasonic treatment in a liquid, followed by cutting. The shortened CNB has an end surface on which no tip of the plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns is disposed toward the longitudinal direction at least one end in the longitudinal direction, and has an excellent dispersibility by shortening the length to less than 1 μm.

Here disclosed is a composite catalyst for methane cracking and a method of producing the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst includes a substrate formed of metal oxide, and one or more catalytic transition metals solubilized in the metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide includes a metal which differs from the one or more catalytic transition metals, wherein the metal oxide forms a matrix which the one or more catalytic transition metals are solubilized in to render transition metal ions from the one or more catalytic transition metals, wherein the transition metal ions under a reducing atmosphere diffuse to reside as transition metal nanoparticles at a surface of the substrate and the transition metal nanoparticles under an oxidizing atmosphere diffuse away from the surface to reside as transition metal ions in the metal oxide, and wherein the transition metal nanoparticles at the surface induce carbon from the methane cracking to deposit on the transition metal nanoparticles and have the carbon deposited grow away from the substrate.