A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

The present invention relates to a method for fluorinating a chlorinated compound including the steps of (a) placing said chlorinated compound in contact with gaseous hydrogen fluoride within a reactor and in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and (b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a), the step of regenerating the fluorination catalyst including (c) treating said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) treating the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gas mixture including a reducing agent.

The present invention relates to a method for fluorinating a chlorinated compound including the steps of (a) placing said chlorinated compound in contact with gaseous hydrogen fluoride within a reactor and in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and (b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a), the step of regenerating the fluorination catalyst including (c) treating said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) treating the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gas mixture including a reducing agent.

The present invention provides a catalyst including Mo, Bi, and Fe, wherein P/R is 0.10 or less, wherein P is a peak intensity at 2=22.90.2 and R is a peak intensity at 2=26.60.2, in X-ray diffraction analysis.

The present invention provides a catalyst including Mo, Bi, and Fe, wherein P/R is 0.10 or less, wherein P is a peak intensity at 2=22.90.2 and R is a peak intensity at 2=26.60.2, in X-ray diffraction analysis.

A system and method for the conversion of a levulinate ester to maleic anhydride using a reducible oxide catalyst. Levulinic acid oxidation delivers maleic anhydride in good yields without viscosity and stability issues that make continuous production problematic. Due to the fact that levulinate esters are more amenable to processing, the conversion of levulinate esters to maleic anhydride represents an appropriate for the commercial production of maleic anhydride from renewable resources.

Systems and methods use oxygen uncoupling metal oxide material for decomposition of NO.sub.x. A gaseous input stream comprising NO.sub.x is contacted with a metal oxide particle, generating nitrogen (N.sub.2) gas and an oxidized metal oxide particle. After contacting the first gaseous input stream with the metal oxide particle, a first gaseous product stream is collected. The first gaseous product stream includes substantially no NO.sub.x. A second gaseous input stream comprising at least one sweeping gas is also contacted with the oxidized metal oxide particle. After contacting the oxidized metal oxide particle, the sweeping gas includes oxygen (O.sub.2) and a reduced metal oxide particle is generated. Then a second gaseous product stream is collected, where the second gaseous product stream includes oxygen (O.sub.2) gas.