SCR-active molecular-sieve based catalysts with improved low-temperature performance are made by heating a molecular-sieve in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with steam (hydrothermal treatment), or in a reducing atmosphere without steam (thermal treatment), at a temperature in the range of 600-900? C. for a time period from 5 minutes to two hours. The resulting SCR-active iron-containing molecular sieves exhibit a selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH.sub.3 or urea at 250? C. that is at least 50% greater than if the iron-containing molecular-sieve were calcined at 500? C. for two hours without performing the hydrothermal or thermal treatment.

A system and method for oxidizing methane can include an environmentally friendly catalyst material that converts methane to an oxidized product at low temperatures and concentrations, for example, under 350? C. at concentrations less than 40% methane, including less than 5% methane.

Provided is a post-treatment method and system for a core-shell catalyst, which relate to the field of fuel cell materials. The post-treatment method of the present disclosure includes the following steps: a core-shell catalyst is added into an electrolyte solution containing citric acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, a gas containing oxygen is introduced into the electrolyte solution followed by stirring for a predetermined reaction time, the open circuit potential of the reactor base is recorded during the reaction time, and the open circuit potential should stabilize at 0.90?1.0 V vs. RHE when the reaction is completed. The molar ratio of citric acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to platinum of the core-shell catalyst is 10 to 1000:1. A percentage of oxygen in the gas is 10 to 100% by volume. The post-treatment method of the present disclosure can significantly improve the platinum mass activity and PGM mass activity and durability of core-shell catalyst.

The present invention relates to a specific hydrogenation catalyst and to its precursor. Further, the present invention relates to methods for preparation of the hydrogenation catalyst and its precursor and use thereof. In particular, the specific hydrogenation catalyst and its precursor comprise Ni, Al, and a support material comprising SiO.sub.2, wherein the Ni is supported on the support material, and wherein the precursor exhibits a specific peak maximum in the temperature programmed reduction.

The invention provides a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor. The process includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a silica (SiO.sub.2) catalyst support supporting cobalt nitrate to convert the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support at a high heating rate, which does not fall below 10? C./minute, during at least a temperature range A. The temperature range A is from the lowest temperature at which calcination of the loaded catalyst support begins to 165? C. Gas flow is effected over the loaded catalyst support during at least the temperature range A. The catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Provided are activated carbon, a method for treating activated carbon, an ammonia synthesis catalyst, and a method for producing ammonia synthesis catalyst such that catalytic activity can be improved over the prior art. Activated carbon is activated by being subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 800 to 1100 C. for 10 to 50 hours in an inert gas into which oxygen is mixed in a concentration of 0.05 to 900 ppm, and the activated carbon is used to improve the catalytic activity of an ammonia synthesis catalyst.

A supported catalyst comprises: a support that is particulate; and a composite layer laminate formed outside the support and including two or more composite layers, wherein each of the composite layers includes a catalyst portion containing a catalyst and a metal compound portion containing a metal compound, the support contains 10 mass % or more of each of Al and Si, and a volume-average particle diameter of the support is 50 ?m or more and 400 ?m or less.

The invention relates to nanoporous gold nanoparticle catalysts formed by exposure of nanoporous gold to ozone at elevated temperatures, as well as methods for production of esters and other compounds.

The invention relates to nanoporous gold nanoparticle catalysts formed by exposure of nanoporous gold to ozone at elevated temperatures, as well as methods for production of esters and other compounds.

The present invention relates to a method for fluorinating a chlorinated compound including the steps of (a) placing said chlorinated compound in contact with gaseous hydrogen fluoride within a reactor and in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and (b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a), the step of regenerating the fluorination catalyst including (c) treating said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) treating the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gas mixture including a reducing agent.