Methods for producing supported catalysts containing a transition metal and a bound zeolite base are disclosed. These methods employ a step of impregnating the bound zeolite base with the transition metal, fluorine, and high loadings of chlorine. The resultant high chlorine content supported catalysts have improved catalyst activity in aromatization reactions.

A method for producing an organohalosilane, the method comprising: reacting an organic compound comprising a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted aromatic compound with a hydridohalosilane mixture comprising at least two different hydridohalosilanes of formula (I) R.sub.nSiH.sub.mX.sub.4-m-n, where each R is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.14 hydrocarbyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.14 hologen-substituted hydrocarbyl, X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, n is 0, 1, or 2, m is 1, 2, or 3 and m+n is 1, 2, or 3, in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more of the elements Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb, at a temperature greater than 100 C., and at a pressure of at least 690 kPa, to produce a crude reaction product comprising the organohalosilane, provided that when the at least two different hydridohalosilane comprise a hydridohalosilane of formula (I) where n=0 and m=1 and a hydridohalosilane of formula (I) where n=0 and m=2, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising an oxide of one or more of the elements Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb.

A method for producing an organohalosilane, the method comprising: reacting an organic compound comprising a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted aromatic compound with a hydridohalosilane mixture comprising at least two different hydridohalosilanes of formula (I) R.sub.nSiH.sub.mX.sub.4-m-n, where each R is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.14 hydrocarbyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.14 hologen-substituted hydrocarbyl, X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, n is 0, 1, or 2, m is 1, 2, or 3 and m+n is 1, 2, or 3, in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more of the elements Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb, at a temperature greater than 100 C., and at a pressure of at least 690 kPa, to produce a crude reaction product comprising the organohalosilane, provided that when the at least two different hydridohalosilane comprise a hydridohalosilane of formula (I) where n=0 and m=1 and a hydridohalosilane of formula (I) where n=0 and m=2, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising an oxide of one or more of the elements Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

A method of producing an organoselenium-based nanocomposite includes acid-treating a mixture containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated mixture; carbonizing the acid-treated mixture to form a MWCNT/biochar; mixing the MWCNT-biochar with TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles to form a TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar; chlorinating acyl groups present on the TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar to form a chlorinated TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar; reacting the chlorinated TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar with an organoselenium compound to form a SeTiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar.

A method of producing an organoselenium-based nanocomposite includes acid-treating a mixture containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated mixture; carbonizing the acid-treated mixture to form a MWCNT/biochar; mixing the MWCNT-biochar with TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles to form a TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar; chlorinating acyl groups present on the TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar to form a chlorinated TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar; reacting the chlorinated TiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar with an organoselenium compound to form a SeTiO.sub.2-MWCNT/biochar.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

Multifunctional and regenerable N-chlorine based biocidal and detoxifying metal-organic frameworks are provided. Chloramine functional groups on the organic linkers of the metal-organic frameworks act as chlorine carriers. Pathogens or harmful organic compounds that come into contact with the metal-organic frameworks in the presence of water are rendered inactive by reactions with the active chlorine. The metal-organic frameworks can be incorporated into textiles used to make protective wearable articles.