A method of forming a carbon nanotube array substrate is disclosed. One embodiment comprises depositing a composite catalyst layer on the substrate, oxidizing the composite catalyst layer, reducing the oxidized composite catalyst layer, and growing the array on the composite catalyst layer. The composite catalyst layer may comprise a group VIII element and a non-catalytic element deposited onto the substrate from an alloy. In another embodiment, the composite catalyst layer comprises alternating layers of iron and a lanthanide, preferably gadolinium or lanthanum. The composite catalyst layer may be reused to grow multiple carbon nanotube arrays without additional processing of the substrate. The method may comprise bulk synthesis by forming carbon nanotubes on a plurality of particulate substrates having a composite catalyst layer comprising the group VIII element and the non-catalytic element. In another embodiment, the composite catalyst layer is deposited on both sides of the substrate.

The present invention provides a photocatalyst particle comprising titanium dioxide particles, a zeolite particle, and a carbon layer. The titanium dioxide particles are adsorbed on a part of an external surface of the zeolite particle. The carbon layer coats a part of an external surface of the zeolite particle other than the part of the external surface of the zeolite particle on which the titanium dioxide particles are adsorbed. The carbon layer is in contact with a part of surfaces of the titanium dioxide particles. At least a part of the other part of the surfaces of the titanium dioxide particles is not coated with the carbon layer and are exposed on a surface of the photocatalyst particle. The present invention provides a photocatalyst particle used even in an alkaline aqueous solution.

The present invention provides a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition with which hydrogen peroxide present in acid-containing water to be treated can be efficiently decomposed at low cost and which is less apt to dissolve away in the water being treated, can be stably used over a long period, and renders acid recovery and recycling possible. The present invention has solved the problems with a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition which is for use in decomposing hydrogen peroxide present in acid-containing water to be treated, the catalyst including a base and, a catalyst layer that is amorphous, includes a platinum-group metal having catalytic function and a Group-6 element metal having catalytic function and is formed over the base.

An electrocoat system for electrodeposition is described. The system includes an inorganic bismuth-containing compound or a mixture of inorganic and organic bismuth-containing compounds. The system demonstrates a high degree of crosslinking and produces a cured coating with optimal crosslinking and corrosion resistance.

The present invention provides a novel method for treating soil-contaminated water, the method using a photocatalytic material capable of efficiently removing, by light irradiation alone, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals that give rise to soil contamination. The present invention provides a method for treating soil-contaminated water that detoxifies volatile organic compounds contained in soil-contaminated water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized by including the steps of (1) subjecting the soil-contaminated water to a gas-liquid separation to obtain a gas phase, and (2) decomposing the volatile organic compounds contained in the gas phase obtained in step (1) using the photocatalytic material. The present invention further provides a method for treating soil-contaminated water using a photocatalytic material to remove heavy metals contained in the soil-contaminated water, the method being characterized, by including the steps of (1) subjecting the soil-contaminated water to a gas-liquid separation to obtain a liquid phase, and (2) removing the heavy metals contained in the liquid phase obtained in step (1) using the photocatalytic material.

The present invention relates to a method for producing graphene on a face-centered cubic metal catalyst having a plane oriented in one direction, and more particularly to a method of producing graphene on a metal catalyst having the (100) or (111) crystal structure and a method of producing graphene using a catalyst metal foil having a single orientation, obtained by electroplating a metal catalyst by a pulse wave current and annealing the metal catalyst. The invention also relates to a method of producing graphene using a metal catalyst, and more particularly to a method of producing graphene, comprising the steps of: alloying a metal catalyst with an alloying element; forming step structures on the metal catalyst substrate in an atmosphere of a gas having a molecular weight of carbon; and supplying hydrocarbon and hydrogen gases to the substrate. On unidirectionally oriented metal catalyst prepared according to the present invention, graphene can be grown uniformly and epitaxially. Moreover, a method for producing graphene according to the present invention can form monolayer graphene by epitaxially growing graphene while increasing the growth rate of graphene.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[M′M.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sensor device for sensing a fluorine-based gas, the device comprising: a substrate; and a sensing layer on the substrate, wherein the sensing layer includes hydrogenated titanium dioxide nano-particles, wherein when the sensing layer reacts with the fluorine-based gas, the sending layer has a color change.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+{M′.sub.s[M″M.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q]}.sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal-clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

Catalyst comprising an Ir layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ir layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.