In one embodiment, a product includes a nanoporous gold structure comprising a plurality of ligaments, and a plurality of oxide particles deposited on the nanoporous gold structure; the oxide particles are characterized by a crystalline phase.

A method includes: 1) performing an atomic layer deposition cycle including (a) introducing precursors into a deposition chamber housing a substrate to deposit a material on the substrate; and (b) introducing a passivation gas into the deposition chamber to passivate a surface of the material; and 2) repeating 1) a plurality of times to form a film of the material.

A cluster-supporting catalyst including porous carrier particles having acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles. In the cluster-supporting catalyst including porous carrier particles having acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles, the catalyst metal may be rhodium, the catalyst metal may be palladium, the catalyst metal may be platinum, or the catalyst metal may be copper.

A cluster-supporting catalyst including porous carrier particles having acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles. The catalyst metal clusters are obtained by supporting catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, which is formed in a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the porous carrier particles dispersed in the dispersion medium, on the acid sites within the pores of the porous carrier particles through an electrostatic interaction.

The present development is a reactor system for the production of nanostructures. The reactor system comprises a conical reactor body designed to maintain an upwardly directed vertical plasma flame and hydrocarbon flame. The reactor system further includes a metal powder feed that feeds into the plasma flame, a cyclone and a dust removal unit. The system is designed to produce up to 100 grams of metal oxide nanomaterials per minute.

Provided is a method for preparing gold nanorods having a high catalytic activity by using a femtosecond laser. The method includes: (1) preparing a gold seed solution; (2) preparing a gold nanorod solution by a seed solution growth process; (3) subjecting the gold nanorod solution to a centrifugal separation to obtain the gold nanorods, and dropping the gold nanorods on a silicon substrate; (4) building a system for preparing the gold nanorods having the high catalytic activity by using the femtosecond laser; and (5) emitting a pulse of the femtosecond laser on the silicon substrate, to allow an electric field distribution of a surface of the gold nanorod on the silicon substrate to change, to partially exfoliate atoms on the surface of the gold nanorod, thereby obtaining the gold nanorod with the high catalytic activity.

A method for preparing a supported carbon catalyst, the method includes at least the following steps: contacting a gas containing an organic silicon source with a silicon oxide-based material to obtain a precursor; contacting the precursor with a gas containing an organic carbon source to obtain the supported carbon catalyst. The temperature and energy consumption of the chemical vapor deposition of heteroatom-containing carbon material on silica-based materials can be greatly reduced in this method, and the cost of the catalyst can be effectively reduced.

A high surface area to mass catalyst is formed by a method that includes a Kirigami mapped cutting of a flat three metal laminate composite formed on a deposition support. Kirigami derived catalyst has a shape that provides a high surface to mass ratio and promotes the flow of a fluid containing a reagent for a reaction catalyzed by the exterior metal catalyst films of the three metal laminate composite. Structural integrity of the Kirigami derived catalyst results from a support metal film residing between two metal catalyst films. The shaping to the Kirigami derived structure involves cutting the flat three metal laminate composite to that of a Kirigami map, imposing stress on the cut structure to force a non-planar deformation, and delaminating the Kirigami derived catalyst from the deposition support.

Provided is a method for preparing gold nanorods having a high catalytic activity by using a femtosecond laser. The method includes: (1) preparing a gold seed solution; (2) preparing a gold nanorod solution by a seed solution growth process; (3) subjecting the gold nanorod solution to a centrifugal separation to obtain the gold nanorods, and dropping the gold nanorods on a silicon substrate; (4) building a system for preparing the gold nanorods having the high catalytic activity by using the femtosecond laser; and (5) emitting a pulse of the femtosecond laser on the silicon substrate, to allow an electric field distribution of a surface of the gold nanorod on the silicon substrate to change, to partially exfoliate atoms on the surface of the gold nanorod, thereby obtaining the gold nanorod with the high catalytic activity.

Provided herein is a method of preparing a porous composite ceramic material and a porous composite ceramic material made by the method of preparing.