The present invention is related to a separating agent for the purification of human insulin, ensuring that human insulin can be recovered in high yield when isolating human insulin from a solution containing human insulin and a specific insulin under specific liquid chromatography separation conditions by using the separating agent.

It is disclosed orange juice products with reduced acidity, a deacidification system and a process for deacidifying orange juices comprising eluting the orange juice to be deacidified on a weak anion exchange resin to lead to a deacidified orange juice after elution; wherein the orange juice to be deacidified has an initial pH (pHi) and is eluted on said resin at a rate (BV/h) such that the deacidified orange juice has a pH (pHd) meeting the criteria: [pHi+(0.1-1)]<pHd<[pKa ascorbic acid+(0.1-0.5)].

It is disclosed orange juice products with reduced acidity, a deacidification system and a process for deacidifying orange juices comprising eluting the orange juice to be deacidified on a weak anion exchange resin to lead to a deacidified orange juice after elution; wherein the orange juice to be deacidified has an initial pH (pHi) and is eluted on said resin at a rate (BV/h) such that the deacidified orange juice has a pH (pHd) meeting the criteria: [pHi+(0.1-1)]<pHd<[pKa ascorbic acid+(0.1-0.5)].

A method of removing boron from water to be treated includes subjecting the water to be treated to reverse osmosis membrane treatment, subjecting at least part of permeated water after the reverse osmosis membrane treatment to cation-removing treatment, and measuring a concentration of boron in the resulting permeated water after the cation-removing treatment, in which a measured value for the concentration of boron is used to regulate at least one of: (a) the recovery rate of water to be treated in the above reverse osmosis membrane treatment, (b) the temperature of the water to be treated, (c) the pH of the water to be treated, (d) the supply pressure of the water to be treated, which pressure is applied to the reverse osmosis membrane during the reverse osmosis membrane treatment, and (e) when the reverse osmosis membrane used for the reverse osmosis membrane treatment should be changed.

A composite extractant-enhanced polymer resist comprising an extractant and a polymer resin for direct extraction of valuable metals such as rare earth metals, and more specifically, scandium, Born an acid-leaching slurry and/or acid-leaching solution in which ferric ions are not required to be reduced into ferrous ions. The extractant may be cationic, non-ionic, or anionic. More specifically, the extractant di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid may be used. The polymer resin may be non-functional or have functional groups of sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, iminodiacetic acid, phosphoric acid, or amines. The composite extractant-enhanced polymer resin may be used for extraction of rare earth metals from acid-leaching slurries or solutions.

A composite extractant-enhanced polymer resist comprising an extractant and a polymer resin for direct extraction of valuable metals such as rare earth metals, and more specifically, scandium, Born an acid-leaching slurry and/or acid-leaching solution in which ferric ions are not required to be reduced into ferrous ions. The extractant may be cationic, non-ionic, or anionic. More specifically, the extractant di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid may be used. The polymer resin may be non-functional or have functional groups of sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, iminodiacetic acid, phosphoric acid, or amines. The composite extractant-enhanced polymer resin may be used for extraction of rare earth metals from acid-leaching slurries or solutions.

An ion exchange membrane containing: a layer S containing a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group; a layer C containing a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group; and—a plurality of reinforcing materials functioning as at least one of reinforcement yarn and sacrifice yarn; wherein, when the ion exchange membrane is viewed from a top surface, an average cross-sectional thickness A of the ion exchange membrane measured in pure water for a region, is μm or more and 75 μm or less, and wherein a strength change ratio calculated from strength S2 of the ion exchange membrane measured after the ion exchange membrane is subjected to a predetermined electrolysis test and strength S1 of the ion exchange membrane measured before the ion exchange membrane is subjected to the electrolysis test, in terms of 100×S2/S1, is 85% or more and 120% or less.

An ion exchange membrane containing: a layer S containing a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group; a layer C containing a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group; and—a plurality of reinforcing materials functioning as at least one of reinforcement yarn and sacrifice yarn; wherein, when the ion exchange membrane is viewed from a top surface, an average cross-sectional thickness A of the ion exchange membrane measured in pure water for a region, is μm or more and 75 μm or less, and wherein a strength change ratio calculated from strength S2 of the ion exchange membrane measured after the ion exchange membrane is subjected to a predetermined electrolysis test and strength S1 of the ion exchange membrane measured before the ion exchange membrane is subjected to the electrolysis test, in terms of 100×S2/S1, is 85% or more and 120% or less.

A cation exchange chromatographic matrix comprising a base material, and a copolymer with one monomer unit having at least a sulfonic acid group, the copolymer being immobilized on the base material, wherein: the copolymer forms substantially no cross-linked structure, and the copolymer comprises neither acrylamide nor an acrylamide derivative as a monomer unit, or comprises acrylamide or an acrylamide derivative as a monomer unit in a range which has no substantial influence; the ratio of the mass of the copolymer to the mass of the base material is 5% or more and 200% or less; and the density of the sulfonic acid group is higher than 30 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L or lower.

A cation exchange chromatographic matrix comprising a base material, and a copolymer with one monomer unit having at least a sulfonic acid group, the copolymer being immobilized on the base material, wherein: the copolymer forms substantially no cross-linked structure, and the copolymer comprises neither acrylamide nor an acrylamide derivative as a monomer unit, or comprises acrylamide or an acrylamide derivative as a monomer unit in a range which has no substantial influence; the ratio of the mass of the copolymer to the mass of the base material is 5% or more and 200% or less; and the density of the sulfonic acid group is higher than 30 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L or lower.