An inorganic material for removing a harmful substance from wastewater is provided. The inorganic material includes a plurality of porous silicate particles having a glass phase structure, wherein the plurality of porous silicate particles include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, and boron oxide, and have a zeta potential of a negative value at pH of from 1 to 5, and wherein the average pore diameter of the porous silicate particles is in a range of from 3 to 50 nm. Moreover, a method for preparing an inorganic material for removing a harmful substance from wastewater and a method for wastewater treatment are further provided.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and/or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of ZS-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and/or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of ZS-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions having a desired particle size distribution and methods of making those compositions. These compositions have an ideal particle size distribution for use ex vivo, for example in a dialysis exchange cartridge, yet retain many of the desirable properties of prior improved absorbers including high cation exchange capacity. Further, the new zirconium silicate molecular sieve absorbers can be manufactured using a technique that achieves the desired particle size distribution while eliminating the screening step that was previously necessary.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions having a desired particle size distribution and methods of making those compositions. These compositions have an ideal particle size distribution for use ex vivo, for example in a dialysis exchange cartridge, yet retain many of the desirable properties of prior improved absorbers including high cation exchange capacity. Further, the new zirconium silicate molecular sieve absorbers can be manufactured using a technique that achieves the desired particle size distribution while eliminating the screening step that was previously necessary.

A subject for the invention is to provide a chabazite-type zeolite that is expected to have durability and thermal resistance, which are practical properties required of catalyst supports and adsorbent bases, and that has profitability. A chabazite-type zeolite having an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio of 15-50 and an average particle diameter size of 1.5 m or more has high durability and high thermal resistance. Such a chabazite-type zeolite can be produced by crystallizing a starting-material composition in which the molar ratios of a structure-directing agent and water to SiO.sub.2 satisfy
0.05(structure-directing agent)/SiO.sub.2<0.13 and
5H.sub.2O/SiO.sub.2<30,
in the presence of at least one kind of alkali metal ions selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs. The structure-directing agent preferably is an N,N,N-trimethyladamantaneammonium salt.

A subject for the invention is to provide a chabazite-type zeolite that is expected to have durability and thermal resistance, which are practical properties required of catalyst supports and adsorbent bases, and that has profitability. A chabazite-type zeolite having an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio of 15-50 and an average particle diameter size of 1.5 m or more has high durability and high thermal resistance. Such a chabazite-type zeolite can be produced by crystallizing a starting-material composition in which the molar ratios of a structure-directing agent and water to SiO.sub.2 satisfy
0.05(structure-directing agent)/SiO.sub.2<0.13 and
5H.sub.2O/SiO.sub.2<30,
in the presence of at least one kind of alkali metal ions selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs. The structure-directing agent preferably is an N,N,N-trimethyladamantaneammonium salt.

A method for treating a fluid waste, comprising adding one or more process additives to the fluid waste in an amount sufficient to change the wasteform chemistry is disclosed. The addition step may be chosen from adding a dispersant or a deflocculant an additive to decrease the reactive metal components, to bind fission products and decrease volatilization of toxic or radioactive elements or species during thermal treatment, or to target and react with the fine particle size component of the waste to decrease dusting and immobilize components in a durable phase. After mixing the fluid waste with the described additives the waste is eventually hot-isostatic pressing, to form a durable and stable waste form.

A method for treating a fluid waste, comprising adding one or more process additives to the fluid waste in an amount sufficient to change the wasteform chemistry is disclosed. The addition step may be chosen from adding a dispersant or a deflocculant an additive to decrease the reactive metal components, to bind fission products and decrease volatilization of toxic or radioactive elements or species during thermal treatment, or to target and react with the fine particle size component of the waste to decrease dusting and immobilize components in a durable phase. After mixing the fluid waste with the described additives the waste is eventually hot-isostatic pressing, to form a durable and stable waste form.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a CHA-type framework structure comprising YO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein said process comprises the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO.sub.2, one or more sources for X.sub.2O.sub.3, one or more tetraalkylammonium cation R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4N.sup.+-containing compounds, and one or more tetraalkylammonium cation R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7R.sup.8N.sup.+-containing compounds as structure directing agent; (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) for obtaining a zeolitic material having a CHA-type framework structure; wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 independently from one another stand for alkyl, and wherein R.sup.8 stands for cycloalkyl, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.