An ion-exchange composition suitable for use in ion exchange chromatography, comprising neutral vinyl polymer support particles irreversibly bound to a dispersant having ionizable sites which are un-ionized at a neutral pH and which are ionized under highly acidic or highly basic conditions, and fine layering particles functionalized with ion-exchanging sites on the surfaces thereof. A portion of the ionizable sites are ionized and bound electrostatically to a portion of the fine layering particles ion-exchanging sites, producing a support particle-dispersant-fine layering particle complex.

An ultra-thin anion exchange membrane incorporates functional additives to provide improved water management. Without the functional additives the ultra-thin membrane may have high cross-over and not be effective for many applications. A composite anion exchange membrane includes a porous scaffold support such as a porous polymer. The anion exchange polymer may be coupled to the porous scaffold, such as by being imbibed into the pores of the porous scaffold. The functional additives may contribute to increase water production, water retention, back-diffusion and reduce the gas crossover. A functional additive may include a reactive species, including a catalyst that reacts with oxygen or hydrogen, a plasticizer, a hygroscopic material and/or a radical scavenger.

An ultra-thin anion exchange membrane incorporates functional additives to provide improved water management. Without the functional additives the ultra-thin membrane may have high cross-over and not be effective for many applications. A composite anion exchange membrane includes a porous scaffold support such as a porous polymer. The anion exchange polymer may be coupled to the porous scaffold, such as by being imbibed into the pores of the porous scaffold. The functional additives may contribute to increase water production, water retention, back-diffusion and reduce the gas crossover. A functional additive may include a reactive species, including a catalyst that reacts with oxygen or hydrogen, a plasticizer, a hygroscopic material and/or a radical scavenger.

In one aspect, separation media are described herein operable for removing one or more water contaminants, including NOM, fluorinated chemicals, and/or derivatives thereof. Briefly, a separation medium comprises a silica-containing granular support; and an oligomeric stationary phase forming a film on individual grains of the granular support. In some embodiments, the oligomeric stationary phase comprises oligomeric chains covalently bound to the individual grains.

In one aspect, separation media are described herein operable for removing one or more water contaminants, including NOM, fluorinated chemicals, and/or derivatives thereof. Briefly, a separation medium comprises a silica-containing granular support; and an oligomeric stationary phase forming a film on individual grains of the granular support. In some embodiments, the oligomeric stationary phase comprises oligomeric chains covalently bound to the individual grains.

Provided are methods of removing perchlorate from water. The methods include contacting water suspected of containing perchlorate with a cationic material. The cationic material includes one or more cationic metal atoms connected by an atom or molecule into an extended structure, and a charge balancing anion. The contacting removes perchlorate (e.g., selectively), if present, from the water. Water treatment vessels, systems and facilities that find use in practicing the methods of the present disclosure are also provided.

Provided are methods of removing perchlorate from water. The methods include contacting water suspected of containing perchlorate with a cationic material. The cationic material includes one or more cationic metal atoms connected by an atom or molecule into an extended structure, and a charge balancing anion. The contacting removes perchlorate (e.g., selectively), if present, from the water. Water treatment vessels, systems and facilities that find use in practicing the methods of the present disclosure are also provided.

A composition for reducing the concentration of cyanuric acid and other contaminants in treated recreational water, including swimming pools and other recreational bathing structures, said composition comprising at least one ion exchange resin and at least one surface-modified activated carbon, a pouch comprising the composition, and a method reducing the concentration of cyanuric acid and other contaminants in treated recreational water, said method comprising adding the composition to or putting the composition in contact with treated recreational water.

A composition for reducing the concentration of cyanuric acid and other contaminants in treated recreational water, including swimming pools and other recreational bathing structures, said composition comprising at least one ion exchange resin and at least one surface-modified activated carbon, a pouch comprising the composition, and a method reducing the concentration of cyanuric acid and other contaminants in treated recreational water, said method comprising adding the composition to or putting the composition in contact with treated recreational water.

Anion exchange-hydrophobic mixed mode ligands and methods of their use are provided.