Disclosed herein is a material for use in sorbent-based dialysis, the material comprising: acidic and/or neutral cation exchange particles; alkaline anion exchange particles; and one or more of an alkali metal carbonate, a water insoluble alkaline earth metal carbonate, and a water insoluble polymeric ammonium carbonate. Also disclosed herein are uses of said material and its preparation.

Disclosed herein is a material for use in sorbent-based dialysis, the material comprising: acidic and/or neutral cation exchange particles; alkaline anion exchange particles; and one or more of an alkali metal carbonate, a water insoluble alkaline earth metal carbonate, and a water insoluble polymeric ammonium carbonate. Also disclosed herein are uses of said material and its preparation.

A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.

A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.

A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.

Sorbent cartridge systems useful in regenerating or purifying dialysis solutions are described as well as methods to regenerate or purify spent dialysis solutions. Dialysis systems using the sorbent cartridge system of the present invention are further described.

Sorbent cartridge systems useful in regenerating or purifying dialysis solutions are described as well as methods to regenerate or purify spent dialysis solutions. Dialysis systems using the sorbent cartridge system of the present invention are further described.

In one aspect, separation media are described herein operable for removing one or more water contaminants, including NOM, fluorinated chemicals, and/or derivatives thereof. Briefly, a separation medium comprises a silica-containing granular support; and an oligomeric stationary phase forming a film on individual grains of the granular support. In some embodiments, the oligomeric stationary phase comprises oligomeric chains covalently bound to the individual grains.

In one aspect, separation media are described herein operable for removing one or more water contaminants, including NOM, fluorinated chemicals, and/or derivatives thereof. Briefly, a separation medium comprises a silica-containing granular support; and an oligomeric stationary phase forming a film on individual grains of the granular support. In some embodiments, the oligomeric stationary phase comprises oligomeric chains covalently bound to the individual grains.

A filter system comprises a hollow fiber membrane filter having pores; and an electrostatic adsorption filter partially or wholly having positive charges to be ion adsorbed with nanoparticles of negative charges by an electrostatic attraction, the nanoparticles which exist in the water, and the electrostatic adsorption filter configured to remove in advance the nanoparticles from the water to be supplied to the hollow fiber membrane filter, to prevent a water passing amount of the hollow fiber membrane filter from being rapidly reduced. According to the present invention, the viruses existing in raw water may be removed in accordance with a size exclusion mechanism of the hollow fiber membrane filter, and the nanoparticles, which cause the reduction of the water passing amount of the hollow fiber membrane filter, may be removed using the electrostatic adsorption filter.