A method for the production of empty pullulan capsules eliminate the need to dry pullulan solid product, thereby reducing the equipment cost and energy consumption. The pullulan raw material production can be linked directly with the capsule production to provide a unique approach for empty capsule formation. The purified pullulan fermentation fluid can be directly used in capsule preparation, thus removing the need for a melting process. On the one hand, the method may decrease material consumption, save the cost of equipment and labor, reduce production time and increase productivity. On the other hand, the method may reduce the fluctuating of raw material quality in the re-melting process and guarantee a more stable capsule production and quality.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

Compositions, solid polymeric compositions, and/or articles of manufacture are provided that can include a polymer matrix having a plurality of ion-exchange particles distributed therein. Products by process are provided that can include prior to solidifying the polymeric precursors, blending the precursors with ion-exchange particles to form a mixture, and solidifying the mixture to form a solid polymeric composition product. Solid polymeric composition production methods are also provided that can include providing a plurality of ion-exchange particles, prior to solidifying the polymeric precursors, blending the precursors with the ion-exchange particles to form a mixture, and solidifying the mixture to form a solid polymeric composition. Article of manufacture production methods are provided that can include incorporating a solid polymeric composition into an article of manufacture, the solid polymeric composition including a polymer matrix and a plurality of ion-exchange particles distributed therein.

A method for removing silica in salt water, including adjusting salt water containing silica ions to a pH of 9 or more, and then bringing the salt water into contact with a selective adsorbent for silica ions. Preferably, the salt water is passed through an adsorption tower filled with the adsorbent at an LV of 0.5 to 20 m/h. The adsorbent is a metal hydroxide adsorbent or a strongly basic anion exchanger having a glucamine group.

Disclosed herein is a process for carrying out an ion exchange process which involves providing two interacting sets of banks of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR's) each containing a bed of ion exchange resin and causing the resin to move in one direction through each bank of reactors and the feed solution and/or or eluant in the opposite direction. In carrying out the process, a feed solution is introduced in a first reactor causing dissolved ions to be captured on the resin, eluant is introduced into a reactor upstream of the first reactor in the direction of resin movement causing ions captured on the resin to be removed into the eluant and eluant rich in ions removed from the resin will be taken from a reactor upstream of the reactor in which the eluant was introduced, for further processing. Thus, in this form of the invention there is, in effect, a loading bank of reactors in which ions from the feed solution are captured followed by a regenerating bank of reactors in which the eluant removes the ions captured on the resin and regenerates the resin.

Disclosed herein is a process for carrying out an ion exchange process which involves providing two interacting sets of banks of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR's) each containing a bed of ion exchange resin and causing the resin to move in one direction through each bank of reactors and the feed solution and/or or eluant in the opposite direction. In carrying out the process, a feed solution is introduced in a first reactor causing dissolved ions to be captured on the resin, eluant is introduced into a reactor upstream of the first reactor in the direction of resin movement causing ions captured on the resin to be removed into the eluant and eluant rich in ions removed from the resin will be taken from a reactor upstream of the reactor in which the eluant was introduced, for further processing. Thus, in this form of the invention there is, in effect, a loading bank of reactors in which ions from the feed solution are captured followed by a regenerating bank of reactors in which the eluant removes the ions captured on the resin and regenerates the resin.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A method for treating an aqueous fluid resulting from a fluorine-containing polymer production step, the method comprising: separating the aqueous fluid into a solid component and a filtrate using a filter aid.