A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water. A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water. A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an optimized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution. A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and equipment to make lithium hydroxide from lithium salts.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and equipment to make lithium hydroxide from lithium salts.

An ion exchange membrane is provided with a first cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group and is formed in a sheet form; a first anion exchange composition which is disposed to be in contact with the first cation exchange composition, has an anion exchange group, and is formed in a sheet form. Furthermore, the ion exchange membrane is provided with a second cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first cation exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first cation exchange composition; and a second anion exchange composition which has an anion exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first anion exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first anion exchange composition.

An ion exchange membrane is provided with a first cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group and is formed in a sheet form; a first anion exchange composition which is disposed to be in contact with the first cation exchange composition, has an anion exchange group, and is formed in a sheet form. Furthermore, the ion exchange membrane is provided with a second cation exchange composition which has a cation exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first cation exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first cation exchange composition; and a second anion exchange composition which has an anion exchange group, which is formed in a sheet form, and which is disposed to be opposed to the first anion exchange composition, and through which water permeates more easily than in the first anion exchange composition.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously cycled out of a filtration column as new resin is flowed in. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated water is cleaned by the continuously cycled resin in multiple columns. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously cycled out of a filtration column as new resin is flowed in. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated water is cleaned by the continuously cycled resin in multiple columns. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously cycled out of a filtration column as new resin is flowed in. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated water is cleaned by the continuously cycled resin in multiple columns. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously cycled out of a filtration column as new resin is flowed in. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated water is cleaned by the continuously cycled resin in multiple columns. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.