Metal organic resins, composite materials composed of the metal organic resins, and anion exchange columns packed with the composite materials are provided. Also provided are methods of using the composite materials to remove metal anions from a sample, methods of using the metal organic resins as fluorescence sensors for detecting metal anions in a sample, and methods of making the metal organic resins and the composite materials. The metal organic resins are amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their associated counter anions. The composite materials are composed of metal organic resin particles coated with organic polymers, such as alginic acid polymers.

Metal organic resins, composite materials composed of the metal organic resins, and anion exchange columns packed with the composite materials are provided. Also provided are methods of using the composite materials to remove metal anions from a sample, methods of using the metal organic resins as fluorescence sensors for detecting metal anions in a sample, and methods of making the metal organic resins and the composite materials. The metal organic resins are amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their associated counter anions. The composite materials are composed of metal organic resin particles coated with organic polymers, such as alginic acid polymers.

Provided herein are methods of reducing bioburden of (e.g., sterilizing) a chromatography resin that include exposing a container including a composition including a chromatography resin and at least one antioxidant agent and/or chelator to a dose of gamma-irradiation sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the container and the chromatography resin, where the at least one antioxidant agent and/or chelator are present in an amount sufficient to ameliorate the loss of binding capacity of the chromatography resin after/upon exposure to the dose of gamma-irradiation. Also provided are reduced bioburden chromatography columns including the reduced bioburden chromatography resin, compositions including a chromatography resin and at least one chelator and/or antioxidant agent, methods of performing reduced bioburden column chromatography using one of these reduced bioburden chromatography columns, and integrated, closed, and continuous processes for reduced bioburden manufacturing of a purified recombinant protein.

Provided herein are methods of reducing bioburden of (e.g., sterilizing) a chromatography resin that include exposing a container including a composition including a chromatography resin and at least one antioxidant agent and/or chelator to a dose of gamma-irradiation sufficient to reduce the bioburden of the container and the chromatography resin, where the at least one antioxidant agent and/or chelator are present in an amount sufficient to ameliorate the loss of binding capacity of the chromatography resin after/upon exposure to the dose of gamma-irradiation. Also provided are reduced bioburden chromatography columns including the reduced bioburden chromatography resin, compositions including a chromatography resin and at least one chelator and/or antioxidant agent, methods of performing reduced bioburden column chromatography using one of these reduced bioburden chromatography columns, and integrated, closed, and continuous processes for reduced bioburden manufacturing of a purified recombinant protein.

A non crosslinked, covalently crosslinked and/or ionically crosslinked polymer, having repeating units of the general formula (1)

KR(1)

In which K is a bond, oxygen, sulfur,

##STR00001##

the radical R is a divalent radical of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound.

The present invention provides an ionic polymer membrane prepared by irradiating the compound represented by formula 1 and an ionic polymer. The ionic polymer membrane of the present invention has the advantage of excellent processability, low production costs, high ion exchange capacity and high durability. Also, the method for preparing the ionic polymer membrane of the invention not only facilitates the production of the ionic polymer membrane in a 3-dimensional network structure which has high ion exchange capacity and high dimensional stability but also makes it easy to produce membranes in various forms and sizes by using the composition itself as a coating solution with using the commercialized inexpensive ionic polymer without additional high-risk multi-step introduction process of ionic exchange group. In the aspect of preparation process, the simplicity of the process and suitable for the mass-production, and the production cost is reduced by saving the processing time as much as minimum 1/15 (56 min.) in comparison to the processing time of the conventional thermal-crosslinking (1 hour).

A polymeric ionic liquid has a formula (I),

##STR00001##

where A.sub.1, A.sub.2, B, k, Q, and Z are as defined in the specification. An intermediate polymer for making the polymeric ionic liquid, a process for producing the polymeric ionic liquid, a process for producing a polymer membrane including the polymeric ionic liquid, a process for preparing a gel polymer electrolyte including the polymer membrane, and a binder including the polymeric ionic liquid are also disclosed.

Problem The present invention provides, in a metal-adsorbing material used for the removal and recovery of a wide range of heavy metals in treated solutions such as industrial waste water, service water, and environmental water, a gel-like metal-adsorbing material having a large amount of metal adsorption and capable of meeting various demands; and also provide a metal adsorbent having a gel-like metal-adsorbing material supported on a porous carrier. Means for Resolution A metal-adsorbing polymer selected from polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine is crosslinked with a polyglycidyl ether, whereby a gel-like metal-adsorbing material having a large amount of metal adsorption and capable of meeting various demands is produced. Further, a hydrophilic porous carrier is impregnated with a metal-adsorbing polymer, followed by crosslinking with a polyglycidyl ether, whereby a metal adsorbent having a gel-like metal-adsorbing material supported on the porous carrier, which has a large amount of metal adsorption and can meet various demands, is produced.

The present invention provides for a polymer formed by reacting a first reactant polymer, or a mixture of first reactant polymers comprising different chemical structures, comprising a substituent comprising two or more nitrogen atoms (or a functional group/sidechain comprising a two or more nitrogen atoms) with a second reactant polymer, or a mixture of second reactant polymers comprising different chemical structures, comprising a halogen substituent (or a functional group/sidechain comprising a halogen).

Polymeric compounds containing polymer backbones functionalized with ion-specific recognition elements and methods for the use of these compounds are described herein. The polymeric compounds may contain multiple types of ion-specific recognition elements depending on a specific application. The polymeric compounds can be used to remove ionic species from a solution, for example, in separations applications in which a single or multiple types of ionic species are desired to be removed from the solution.