Metal organic resins, composite materials composed of the metal organic resins, and anion exchange columns packed with the composite materials are provided. Also provided are methods of using the composite materials to remove metal anions from a sample, methods of using the metal organic resins as fluorescence sensors for detecting metal anions in a sample, and methods of making the metal organic resins and the composite materials. The metal organic resins are amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their associated counter anions. The composite materials are composed of metal organic resin particles coated with organic polymers, such as alginic acid polymers.

Metal organic resins, composite materials composed of the metal organic resins, and anion exchange columns packed with the composite materials are provided. Also provided are methods of using the composite materials to remove metal anions from a sample, methods of using the metal organic resins as fluorescence sensors for detecting metal anions in a sample, and methods of making the metal organic resins and the composite materials. The metal organic resins are amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their associated counter anions. The composite materials are composed of metal organic resin particles coated with organic polymers, such as alginic acid polymers.

A novel cross-linked copolymer is disclosed. The novel cross-linked copolymer can be preferably used as an anion exchange membrane (AEM) material for fuel cells because of its excellent mechanical properties, excellent stability against hydroxide ions, and high ion conductivity and hydration.

A novel cross-linked copolymer is disclosed. The novel cross-linked copolymer can be preferably used as an anion exchange membrane (AEM) material for fuel cells because of its excellent mechanical properties, excellent stability against hydroxide ions, and high ion conductivity and hydration.

Embodiments are directed toward systems and methods associated with PFAS-selective anion exchange resin regeneration solutions and processes for water treatment. In embodiments, a resin regeneration solution is pumped through a vessel or storage container, wherein the storage container may initially include resin saturated with PFAS. The resin regeneration solution may strip the PFAS from the resin, and may be pumped into a waste tank along with the PFAS while the resin remains in the vessel or storage container.

Embodiments are directed toward systems and methods associated with PFAS-selective anion exchange resin regeneration solutions and processes for water treatment. In embodiments, a resin regeneration solution is pumped through a vessel or storage container, wherein the storage container may initially include resin saturated with PFAS. The resin regeneration solution may strip the PFAS from the resin, and may be pumped into a waste tank along with the PFAS while the resin remains in the vessel or storage container.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for determining elution conditions suitable for separating adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids fully packaged with genetic material from AAV capsids not fully packaged with genetic material, the method comprising: (a) adding a liquid sample comprising AAV capsids to a strong, or partially strong, anion exchange chromatography material comprising a surface extender, (b) eluting the AAV virus capsids from the chromatography material by applying an elution buffer comprising a step gradient of increasing conductivity, which increases by from about 0.5 to about 3 mS/cm per step, (c) based on an elution profile obtained in step (b), determining a first value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, which is suitable for eluting the adeno-associated virus capsids not fully packaged with genetic material, and (d) based on the elution profile obtained in step (b), determining a second value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, which is suitable for eluting the adeno-associated virus capsids fully packaged with genetic material. Further disclosed are methods for separating fully packaged AAV capsids from not fully packaged AAV capsids based on pre-determined first and second value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, as well as use of an anion exchange chromatography material for separating fully packaged AAV capsids from not fully packaged AAV capsids.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for determining elution conditions suitable for separating adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids fully packaged with genetic material from AAV capsids not fully packaged with genetic material, the method comprising: (a) adding a liquid sample comprising AAV capsids to a strong, or partially strong, anion exchange chromatography material comprising a surface extender, (b) eluting the AAV virus capsids from the chromatography material by applying an elution buffer comprising a step gradient of increasing conductivity, which increases by from about 0.5 to about 3 mS/cm per step, (c) based on an elution profile obtained in step (b), determining a first value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, which is suitable for eluting the adeno-associated virus capsids not fully packaged with genetic material, and (d) based on the elution profile obtained in step (b), determining a second value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, which is suitable for eluting the adeno-associated virus capsids fully packaged with genetic material. Further disclosed are methods for separating fully packaged AAV capsids from not fully packaged AAV capsids based on pre-determined first and second value of conductivity or conductivity-related parameter, as well as use of an anion exchange chromatography material for separating fully packaged AAV capsids from not fully packaged AAV capsids.

A method for removing a fluorine-containing compound from discharge water, which includes bringing discharge water containing two or more fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) into contact with an adsorbent so as to adsorb the two or more fluorine-containing compounds:
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.mCOO).sub.pM.sup.1General Formula (1):
wherein m is 3 to 19, M.sup.1 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same or different and is H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and p is 1 or 2;
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.nSO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2General Formula (2):
wherein n is 4 to 20; M.sup.2 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same as above, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and q is 1 or 2.

A method for removing a fluorine-containing compound from discharge water, which includes bringing discharge water containing two or more fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) into contact with an adsorbent so as to adsorb the two or more fluorine-containing compounds:
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.mCOO).sub.pM.sup.1General Formula (1):
wherein m is 3 to 19, M.sup.1 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same or different and is H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and p is 1 or 2;
(H(CF.sub.2).sub.nSO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2General Formula (2):
wherein n is 4 to 20; M.sup.2 is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.b.sub.4, where R.sup.b is the same as above, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and q is 1 or 2.