An ion exchange column and a method of using the same are disclosed. The ion exchange column includes first interconnected chambers supporting a first portion of an ion exchange resin, second interconnected chambers supporting a second portion of the ion exchange resin, and a housing or casing enclosing the first and second interconnected chambers and the first and second ion exchange resin portions. The second chambers are physically isolated and/or separated from the first chambers. The ion exchange column is configured to cause a fluid passing through the first or second interconnected chambers to travel along a path that is longer than a height of the interconnected chambers. The present column and method improve efficiencies of fluid treatment and resin regeneration relative to a conventional dual-column design, and increase residence time between the resin and the fluid or regenerant relative to an otherwise identical single-column design.

The invention relates to a method of recycling lithium iron phosphate batteries with the aim of enabling the isolated recovery of elements from black mass. Black mass comprising at least cathodic and anodic components is immersed in a pH 13-14 solution to obtain a first leachate and first solid residue. The first leachate is immersed in a 4-6M acid solution to obtain a second leachate. The second leachate is passed through a first ion-exchange column where fluoride ions are retained and a second ion-exchange column where copper ions are to obtain a second eluate. The pH of the second eluate is adjusted to about 2.5-5 and a quantity of phosphoric acid that is sufficient to achieve an equivalent stoichiometric ratio of ferric iron and phosphate anions is added to obtain a first solution and an iron (III) phosphate precipitate. The first solution is combined with the first leachate to obtain a second solution. The pH of the second solution is adjusted to about 6.5 to a residual precipitate and a lithium solution.

Cations are removed from a substance stream that is produced during the production of isophoronenitrile with the help of a cation exchanger.

Cations are removed from a substance stream that is produced during the production of isophoronenitrile with the help of a cation exchanger.

In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for extracting and recovering rare earth materials from a wet-process phosphoric acid using one or more continuous ion exchange resin systems. In alternative embodiments, the method is particularly suited for use in extracting and recovering multiple rare earth materials present in low concentrations contained in wet-process phosphoric acid.

In alternative embodiments, the invention provides processes and methods for extracting and recovering rare earth materials from a wet-process phosphoric acid using one or more continuous ion exchange resin systems. In alternative embodiments, the method is particularly suited for use in extracting and recovering multiple rare earth materials present in low concentrations contained in wet-process phosphoric acid.

The invention relates to a system for the treatment of drinking water, comprising a softening system with an ion exchanger. This ion exchanger is regenerated using an alkali salt, in particular sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Downstream of the water softening system and upstream of an extraction point, an ion exchanger loaded with hydrogen is arranged followed by a mineralization material which releases calcium, magnesium, and/or silicon.

The invention relates to a system for the treatment of drinking water, comprising a softening system with an ion exchanger. This ion exchanger is regenerated using an alkali salt, in particular sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Downstream of the water softening system and upstream of an extraction point, an ion exchanger loaded with hydrogen is arranged followed by a mineralization material which releases calcium, magnesium, and/or silicon.

A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.

A sorbent based monitoring system for measuring the solute concentration of at least one component of a fluid. The system has a sorbent regeneration system for regeneration of the fluid and has a sorbent cartridge that has at least one material layer. The fluid is conveyed through the sorbent cartridge and contacts at least one sensor after having contacted at least one material layer.