The present invention relates to the preparation of liquid mixtures, and more particularly to the preparation of a liquid mixture, such as a buffer, wherein the conductivity of the liquid mixture is measured and the pH indirectly determined if the buffer concentration is known. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a liquid mixture with a predetermined pH value by using conductivity as feedback control parameter.

Provided are a continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device and process, belonging to the technical field of molecular sieve manufacturing. The continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device comprises M+N reaction tanks which are in serial connection, wherein a feed opening of a latter reaction tank communicates with a discharge opening of a former reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline, and a discharge opening of an M+Nth reaction tank communicates with a feed opening of a first reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline. No more than M reaction tanks are used for a crystal transformation process, and no more than N reaction tanks are used for an ion exchange process. The method is used for preparing a finished zeolite molecular sieve product, and has the advantages of high exchange capacity, simple process, low cost and the like.

Provided are a continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device and process, belonging to the technical field of molecular sieve manufacturing. The continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device comprises M+N reaction tanks which are in serial connection, wherein a feed opening of a latter reaction tank communicates with a discharge opening of a former reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline, and a discharge opening of an M+Nth reaction tank communicates with a feed opening of a first reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline. No more than M reaction tanks are used for a crystal transformation process, and no more than N reaction tanks are used for an ion exchange process. The method is used for preparing a finished zeolite molecular sieve product, and has the advantages of high exchange capacity, simple process, low cost and the like.

Provided are a continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device and process, belonging to the technical field of molecular sieve manufacturing. The continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device comprises M+N reaction tanks which are in serial connection, wherein a feed opening of a latter reaction tank communicates with a discharge opening of a former reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline, and a discharge opening of an M+Nth reaction tank communicates with a feed opening of a first reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline. No more than M reaction tanks are used for a crystal transformation process, and no more than N reaction tanks are used for an ion exchange process. The method is used for preparing a finished zeolite molecular sieve product, and has the advantages of high exchange capacity, simple process, low cost and the like.

Provided are a continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device and process, belonging to the technical field of molecular sieve manufacturing. The continuous crystal transformation and ion exchange device comprises M+N reaction tanks which are in serial connection, wherein a feed opening of a latter reaction tank communicates with a discharge opening of a former reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline, and a discharge opening of an M+Nth reaction tank communicates with a feed opening of a first reaction tank by means of a reaction solution circulation pipeline. No more than M reaction tanks are used for a crystal transformation process, and no more than N reaction tanks are used for an ion exchange process. The method is used for preparing a finished zeolite molecular sieve product, and has the advantages of high exchange capacity, simple process, low cost and the like.

Provided herein are methods, systems, and computer-readable media for controlling a deacidification process for an aqueous fluid circulated through a deacidification column. A first pH value, indicative of a pH of the fluid before circulation through the column, is obtained from a first sensor located at an entry of the column. A second pH value, indicative of a pH of the fluid after circulation through the column, is obtained from a second sensor located at an exit of the column. The second pH value is compared to a target pH value for the fluid to determine a pH difference between the second pH value and the target pH value. Based on the first and second pH values, a deacidification capacity of the column is determined. A fluid flow rate of the fluid through the column is adjusted based on the pH difference and the deacidification capacity.

Provided herein are methods, systems, and computer-readable media for controlling a deacidification process for an aqueous fluid circulated through a deacidification column. A first pH value, indicative of a pH of the fluid before circulation through the column, is obtained from a first sensor located at an entry of the column. A second pH value, indicative of a pH of the fluid after circulation through the column, is obtained from a second sensor located at an exit of the column. The second pH value is compared to a target pH value for the fluid to determine a pH difference between the second pH value and the target pH value. Based on the first and second pH values, a deacidification capacity of the column is determined. A fluid flow rate of the fluid through the column is adjusted based on the pH difference and the deacidification capacity.

A pre-filled syringe is disclosed, comprising a barrel and a plunger, the barrel having an outlet, the barrel containing a pharmaceutically acceptable solution having a non-physiological pH, wherein the syringe further comprises an ion exchange material. The ion exchange material is provided at a position to allow contact with the pharmaceutically acceptable solution upon ejection of the Pharmaceutically acceptable solution from the barrel via the outlet. The ion exchange material is capable of adjusting the pH of the solution from a non-physiological pH, at which the pharmaceutically acceptable solution is stored in order to ensure acceptable shelf life, to a more physiological pH at which the discomfort and/or pain experienced during injection may be alleviated.

A pre-filled syringe is disclosed, comprising a barrel and a plunger, the barrel having an outlet, the barrel containing a pharmaceutically acceptable solution having a non-physiological pH, wherein the syringe further comprises an ion exchange material. The ion exchange material is provided at a position to allow contact with the pharmaceutically acceptable solution upon ejection of the Pharmaceutically acceptable solution from the barrel via the outlet. The ion exchange material is capable of adjusting the pH of the solution from a non-physiological pH, at which the pharmaceutically acceptable solution is stored in order to ensure acceptable shelf life, to a more physiological pH at which the discomfort and/or pain experienced during injection may be alleviated.

A process for recovery of lithium ions from a lithium-bearing brine includes contacting the lithium-bearing brine with a lithium ion sieve (where that LIS includes an oxide of titanium or niobium) in a first stirred reactor to form a lithium ion complex with the lithium ion sieve, and decomplexing the lithium ion from the lithium ion sieve in a second stirred reactor to form the lithium ion sieve and an acidic lithium salt eluate.