A gas phase polymerization process is described that includes contacting a polymer seed bed with a desiccant. The gas phase polymerization process further includes introducing a polymer seed bed into a gas phase polymerization reactor, contacting the polymer seed bed with a desiccant, and introducing a polymerization catalyst into the gas phase polymerization reactor. Also described is a gas phase polymerization process in accordance with the present disclosure that includes subjecting a polymer seed bed to startup conditions in a gas phase polymerization reactor, monitoring a moisture content of a vapor in contact with the polymer seed bed, and introducing a desiccant into the gas phase polymerization reactor to maintain the moisture content below a desired moisture content, to reduce a moisture content that is above a desired moisture content, or both.

A temperature-controlling measure for a hydrogenation slurry bed reactor has three control points that are set from low to high: cold hydrogen is injected automatically when the system reaches control point 1; cold oil is injected automatically when the system reaches control point 2; each pressure relief is opened automatically when the system reaches control point 3. The pressure relief point is set before and/or after the circulation pump of the reactor if internal circulation is set in the reactor; the pressure relief point is set at the reactor bottom if the internal circulation is not set; at least one pressure relief valve is set at each pressure relief point.

A process and apparatus is disclosed for gradually starting fluidization in a bed of particulate from the top down so as to avoid thrusting the entire mass of particulates upwardly in the bed at the same time which may damage internals in the bed. The particulate bed may comprise a catalyst cooler for an FCC unit containing internals such as cooling, fluidization and support equipment.

Disclosed are a quick-start system for preparing hydrogen via aqueous methanol, and hydrogen preparation method. The system comprises a liquid storage container, a raw material feeding device, a quick-start device, a hydrogen preparation equipment and a membrane separation device; the quick-start device comprises a first start device and a second start device; the first start device comprises a first heating mechanism and a first gasification pipeline, the first gasification pipeline is wound around the first heating mechanism; one end of the first gasification pipeline is connected to the liquid storage container, and methanol is fed into the first gasification pipeline via the raw material feeding device, for the first heating mechanism to heat and gasify; the hydrogen preparation equipment comprises a reforming chamber; the second start device comprises a second gasification pipeline, a main body of the second gasification pipeline is disposed in the reforming chamber; the methanol output by the first gasification pipeline and/or the second gasification pipeline heats the second gasification pipeline while heating the reforming chamber, to gasify the methanol in the second gasification pipeline. The present invention can be quickly started, while having less energy consumption and good practicability.

A process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins can be performed in at least one reactor in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support. The support is composed of a porous ceramic material, and the process steps a) to c) are conducted when the process is shut down.

Disclosed is a method for starting up fluidized reaction apparatus that is used for producing lower olefins from methanol or/and dimethyl ether. Said method includes after heating the catalyst bed of circulating fluidized catalytic reaction apparatus to above 200 C. or 300 C. by using a starting-up auxiliary heat source, feeding methanol or dimethyl ether raw materials to a reactor, whereby heat released by the reaction makes the temperature of the reaction system apparatus increase quickly to a designed temperature, consequently making the system reach normal operation state rapidly. Said method is suitable for starting up an exothermic fluidized catalytic reaction apparatus and can simplify the apparatus and operation, accordingly lowering the cost.

A method for charging a catalyst into a reactor (40) comprising a separation loop (21), comprising the following steps: a) filling the reactor (40) with a solvent S1; b) filling the separation loop (21) with said solvent S1; c) causing said solvent S1 to move in the synthesis reactor (40) and the separation loop (21); d) heating the reactor (40) to a temperature of 100 C. or less; e) injecting an inert gas into the bottom of the reactor (40); f) mixing said catalyst with a solvent S2 in a vessel (30) in order to obtain a liquid/solid mixture; g) increasing the pressure in the vessel (30) then sending the liquid/solid mixture to the reactor (40); h) withdrawing said solvent S1 and/or S2.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for triggering and maintaining an exothermic reaction in a reaction material comprising a metal occluded with hydrogen. The reaction material is prepared by loading a hydrogen absorbing material, e.g., a transition metal, with a hydrogen gas that comprises one or more of hydrogen isotopes. Different conditions and system configurations for triggering the exothermic reaction are also disclosed.

A catalyst system is disclosed for producing para-xylene from a C.sub.8 hydrocarbon mixture comprising ethylbenzene and at least one xylene isomer other than para-xylene. The catalyst system comprises a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed. The first catalyst bed comprises a first zeolite and a rhenium hydrogenation component. The first zeolite has a constraint index from 1 to 12, an average crystal size from 0.1 to 1 micron and has been selectivated to have an ortho-xylene sorption time of greater than 1200 minutes based on its capacity to sorb 30% of the equilibrium capacity of ortho-xylene at 120? C. and an ortho-xylene partial pressure of 4.5?0.8 mm of mercury. The second catalyst bed comprises a second zeolite and a rhenium hydrogenation component. The second zeolite has a constraint index ranging from 1 to 12 and an average crystal size of less than 0.1 micron.

The invention discloses a start-up system for starting reforming hydrogen production device, the reforming hydrogen production device and the start-up system adopt methanol-water mixture as feedstock, comprising a feed riser pipe, a flame tray, an upper cover body and an igniter. The flame tray and the upper cover body are disposed on the feed riser pipe from the bottom up; the middle part of the upper cover body is provided with an aperture in communication with the feed riser pipe, the methanol-water mixture feedstock may flow from the feed riser pipe up to the aperture and be exuded from the aperture and spread around along the upper side surface of the upper cover body until flowing into the flame tray. The present invention has high ignition success rate, large methanol-water mixture burning areas and combustion flame, and can quickly restart the reforming hydrogen production device.