Methods for operating a high pressure olefin polymerization reactor include the steps of introducing an initiator stream containing ethylene and an initiator compound through an initiator nozzle into the reactor, introducing an olefin stream containing ethylene and an optional comonomer through an olefin nozzle into the reactor, and polymerizing ethylene and optionally the comonomer in the presence of the initiator stream in the reactor under high pressure polymerization conditions to produce an ethylene polymer. The amount of ethylene in the initiator stream is from 0.01 to 2 wt. % of the amount of ethylene in the olefin stream. An injection nozzle that can be used in conjunction with the high pressure reactor also is described.

A hydrogen generator, a fuel pellet assembly for use in the hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system are disclosed. The hydrogen generator includes a housing having a lid pivotally connected to a base and a strip having a plurality of heaters on one side and a second plurality of heaters on the opposite side. A first cartridge is disposed on one side of the strip and a second cartridge is disposed on the opposite side. Each of the first and second cartridges has a plurality of fuel pellets, each including a hydrogen-containing material that will release hydrogen gas when heated. The heaters are selectively activated to heat one or more fuel pellets to initiate the release of hydrogen gas.

The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing methanol in which a compressed make-up gas stream which contains at least one carbon oxide and hydrogen is combined with a residual gas to afford a synthesis gas stream and reacted to afford methanol. According to the invention the residual gas stream and the make-up gas stream are combined using a jet pump, wherein the compressed make-up gas stream is supplied to the jet pump as motive medium via its motive media connection at a pressure p.sub.1 and the residual gas stream is supplied to the jet pump as suction medium via its suction port at a pressure p.sub.3 and wherein the synthesis gas stream is discharged from the jet pump via its pressure port at a pressure p.sub.2 and subsequently supplied to the synthesis stage and wherein p.sub.1>p.sub.2>p.sub.3.

Methods of controlling olefin polymerization reactor systems may include a) selecting n input variables, each input variable corresponding to a process condition for an olefin polymerization process; b) identifying m response variables corresponding to a measurable polymer property; c) adjusting one of more of the n input variables using the olefin polymerization reactor system and measuring each of the m response variables as a function of the input variables for olefin polymers; d) analyzing the change in each of the response variables as a function of the input variables to determine coefficients; e) calculating a Response Surface Model (RSM) for each response variable determined in step d); f) applying n selected input variables to the calculated RSM to predict one or more of m target response variables; and g) using the n selected input variables to operate the olefin polymerization reactor system and provide a polyolefin product.

A microwave-based thermal coupling chemical looping gasification method and device. The device includes: a microwave radiation cavity; a loading recess of a microwave absorbing material; and a quartz pipe reaction cavity between the microwave radiation cavity and the loading recess of a microwave absorbing material. A microwave generator consisting of magnetrons is provided at a central portion of the microwave radiation cavity and below the loading recess. An infrared temperature-measuring probe group is arranged at two ends of the magnetrons. Two ends of the microwave radiation cavity are connected to a first and second three-way valves, in communication with the ambient atmosphere and a protection gas charging device. A protection gas cooling device and a protection gas circulating fan are sequentially connected in series on a pipeline between the valves.

An apparatus for preparing aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions is described, comprising (a) a reactor (1), (b) a first reservoir unit (8) comprising a first reactant for preparation of chlorine dioxide, the first reactant being in solid form, having an inlet (15) for water and a separate outlet (21), the first reservoir unit (8) being exchangeable, (c) a second reservoir unit (4) for storing a second reactant for preparation of chlorine dioxide. Additionally described are an exchangeable reservoir unit for such an apparatus, a kit comprising or consisting of one or more exchangeable reservoir units and a process for preparing a chlorine dioxide-containing solution usable directly for water treatment.

A mixer reactor apparatus comprising a plurality of baffles positioned within the reactor, the baffle comprising a hollow cylindrical structure with a substantially flattened baffle section between an upper section and a lower section. The apparatus further comprises a lever formed by a portion of the upper section bent at a perpendicular angle, the lever is configured to adjust an impact of the baffle by adjusting a position of the baffle member relative to an interior wall of the reactor.

Disclosed herein is a surface treating method using a Taylor reactor wherein a washing, neutralization, heavy metal removal, etc. can be efficiently carried out, while saving a surface treating time and a treatment liquid and enhancing a treatment efficiency by using a Taylor eddy current which in general is formed at a Taylor reactor. The surface treatment method using a Taylor reactor formed of a cylindrical reaction chamber and a cylindrical rotation body which is configured to rotate in the reaction chamber may include (1) a supply step wherein a surface treatment thing and a surface treatment liquid are supplied into the reaction chamber; and (2) a treatment step wherein the surface treatment thing is stayed in the reaction chamber while rotating the cylindrical rotation body, and the stay time of the surface treatment thing is in a range of 1 minute to 6 hours.

The invention relates to the field of gas chemistry and, more specifically, to methods and devices for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from natural gas, which involve producing synthesis gas, converting same into methanol producing, from the methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, a concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and water, separating the water, air stripping hydrocarbon residues from the water, and separating-out the resultant concentrate of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen-containing gas, the latter being at least partially used in the production of synthesis gas to adjust the ratio therein of H.sub.2:CO 1.8-2.3:1, and can be used for producing aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from methanol in the presence of a catalyst is carried out in two consecutively-connected reactors for synthesizing aromatic hydrocarbons: in a first, low-temperature isothermal reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and in a second, high-temperature adiabatic reactor for synthesizing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons formed in the first reactor, and the subsequent stabilization thereof in an aromatic hydrocarbon concentrate stabilization unit. At least a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed to a synthesis gas production unit and is used for producing synthesis gas using autothermal reforming technology. The installation carries out the method. The achieved technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of producing concentrates of aromatic hydrocarbons.

A method and system for downhole operations that includes an energetic material with a reduced sensitivity to temperature, and a temperature rating that is higher than other energetic materials. Downhole tools that use energetic material thus can have a higher temperature rating with the reduced sensitivity energetic material. One embodiment of the energetic material includes an energetic heterocycle compound, such as 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide.