A process for synthesis of urea from CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 wherein a steam flow (13) produced in the condenser (3) of a high-pressure synthesis loop is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature before using the steam as a heat source for a downstream step of the process.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to a method of synthesising compounds and a system for synthesising compounds. The method and system can be automated. The method of synthesising a compound includes providing a solid support in fluid communication with a computer-controlled flow system, covalently bonding a first precursor to the solid support, performing at least one reaction, and cleaving the compound from the solid support.

A process for hydrocracking a petroleum feedstock involves: (a) hydrocracking the feedstock to obtain a hydrocracked effluent; (b) liquid/gas separation of the effluent to obtain a gaseous effluent and a liquid effluent; (c) fractionating the liquid effluent at a pressure P1, producing a first distillate and a first residue, (d) recycling a first portion of the first residue to hydrocracking, (e) rectifying a second portion of the first residue at a pressure P2 lower than or equal to the pressure P1, to obtain a secondary distillate, a secondary residue and a vapor stream, (f) purging a portion of the secondary residue, and (g) recycling all or part of the secondary distillate to hydrocracking.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

The present invention relates to a post-processing apparatus configured to post-process latex, the post-processing apparatus including: a receiving tank having therein a receiving part and having an inlet port through which the latex is introduced into the receiving part and a discharge port through which the latex is discharged; an ultrasonic wave generating device configured to generate ultrasonic waves to the latex accommodated in the receiving tank; a pressure reducing part configured to reduce a pressure of the receiving part of the receiving tank to discharge an unreacted monomer to the outside of the receiving tank; and a partition part provided in the receiving part of the receiving tank and comprising a plurality of partitions disposed in a direction from the inlet port toward the discharge port of the receiving tank, in which the latex accommodated in the receiving part moves along upper and lower sides of the plurality of partitions.

The present invention provides methods and an apparatuses for converting polymeric material into hydrocarbon products.

A CNT production apparatus 1 provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical chamber 10 and a control valve 60 provided to a gas discharge pipe 50. The chamber 10 includes a reaction zone provided in a partial range of the chamber 10 in the direction of the cylinder axis, a deposition zone 22 which is provided downstream of the reaction zone 20, and a deposition state detector 40 that detects a physical property value indicating a deposition state of carbon nanotubes in the deposition zone 22. The apparatus is configured to close the control valve 60 and deposit carbon nanotubes in the deposition zone 22 when the physical property value detected by the deposition state detector 40 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, and configured to open the control valve 60 and recover the carbon nanotubes deposited in the deposition zone 22 when the physical property value exceeds the predetermined threshold value.

A process for treating a feed oil in the presence of in situ produced catalyst particles comprising the steps of mixing the supercritical water feed with the pressurized precursor solution in a catalyst mixer to produce a supercritical water stream; withdrawing the supercritical water stream to a process line, where the catalyst precursor is converted to catalyst particles in the process line; mixing the supercritical water stream and the hot oil stream in the mixer to produce a mixed stream; introducing the mixed stream to a reactor; processing the heavy oil in the reactor in the presence of the catalyst particles to produce a reactor effluent; reducing a temperature of the reactor effluent to produce a cooled effluent; reducing a pressure of the cooled effluent to produce a depressurized effluent; and separating the depressurized effluent to produce a product gas, a product oil, and a product water.

A forced thin film-type flow reactor is provided with a clearance adjustment mechanism that allows the clearance to be set and adjusted by an alternative means. The flow reactor processes a fluid to be processed by passing the fluid to be processed between a first processing surface and a second processing surface capable of moving towards and away from each other, and the flow reactor comprises a pressure balancing mechanism and a mechanical clearance mechanism. The pressure balancing mechanism forms a minute first clearance by providing pressure balance between the pressure applied by the fluid to be processed, which acts in the direction in which the first processing surface and the second processing surface move away from each other, and a force produced by a back pressure mechanism, which acts in the direction in which the first processing surface and the second processing surface move towards each other.