A large capacity natural material composition conversion apparatus using a microwave with a preset pressure function includes a chamber including a sealed reaction space accommodating a material, an radiator configured to heat the material by radiating a microwave into the reaction space, a pressure regulator configured to regulate a pressure of the reaction space by supplying a gas into the reaction space, and a controller configured to control the pressure regulator and the radiator, and preliminarily increase a pressure of the reaction space by controlling the pressure regulator before heating the material.

Aldehyde generation includes providing a first input stream, a second input, and an alkene substrate to a reactor system. The first input stream includes a catalyst, a ligand, and an organic solvent. The second input stream includes a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2). The alkene substrate is in either gaseous form or liquid form, the liquid form of the alkene substrate being provided with the first input stream, the gaseous form of the alkene substrate being provided with the second input stream. The reactor system includes a first reactor and a second reactor, where the second reactor is gas permeable and positioned within the first reactor.

A radioactive sodium destruction facility includes a tank for storing liquid metallic sodium, located at a first level; a reaction vessel containing an aqueous solution; a sodium feed circuit comprising a sodium circulation member located at a second level higher than the first level, the circulation member having a suction in fluid communication with the tank and a discharge in fluid communication with the reaction vessel; an inert gas supply unit configured to supply the tank; a controller driving the sodium circulation member; and an inert gas supply unit configured to supply the tank; and a controller driving the supply unit to control a gas pressure in the tank, such that a pressure at the suction of the sodium circulation member is maintained within a predetermined range.

Processes for reducing shutdown time of a sub-system/ reactor component in an LDPE process. The process includes closing one or more pairs of upstream lock-out valves, each pair of upstream lock-out valves being located in an inlet stream upstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow into the reactor component through said inlet stream when said pair of upstream lock-out valves is closed; closing one or more pairs of downstream lock-out valves, each pair of downstream lock-out valves being located in an outlet stream downstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow out of the reactor component through said outlet stream when said pair of downstream lock-out valves is closed; depressurizing the reactor component; introducing purge gas comprising N.sub.2 into the reactor component at and withdrawing the purge gas from the reactor component.

The present disclosure relates a system of preparing a phthalonitrile-based compound using a continuous process, the preparation system including: a first reaction unit filled with a mixture including a phthalic acid-based compound and a nitrile-based compound; a second reaction unit connected to the first reaction unit; and a discharge unit connected to the second reaction unit, and in the second reaction unit, there is a fluid flow from the first reaction unit direction to the discharge unit direction, wherein the length of the second reaction unit in the fluid flow direction is 10 fold or more the mean square root of the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the fluid flow direction; and a method of preparing a phthalonitrile-based compound using the same.

A process for producing acetic acid that involves operating the flash vessel and first column at the lowest possible pressure for a given production rate is described. Low pressures are achieved by operating on a back pressure established by a vapor discharge from an absorbing system. This reduces the pressure differential to allow steady and efficient acetic acid production.

According to an embodiment, a method for preparing a sea urchin-shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire comprises preparing a mixture of a ZnO nano-powder and a graphite powder and irradiating the mixture, in a container, with a microwave.

Methods for operating a high pressure olefin polymerization reactor include the steps of introducing an initiator stream containing ethylene and an initiator compound through an initiator nozzle into the reactor, introducing an olefin stream containing ethylene and an optional comonomer through an olefin nozzle into the reactor, and polymerizing ethylene and optionally the comonomer in the presence of the initiator stream in the reactor under high pressure polymerization conditions to produce an ethylene polymer. The amount of ethylene in the initiator stream is from 0.01 to 2 wt. % of the amount of ethylene in the olefin stream. An injection nozzle that can be used in conjunction with the high pressure reactor also is described.

An at least two shaft reactor/mixer, in particular for process engineering treatment of highly viscose, elastic and/or solid containing reaction substance and mixture, in which at the housing inner wall inwardly directed static mixing elements are arranged, which interact with scrapers of the at least two shafts in such a way, that in the area of the spaces between the scrapers the static mixing elements and the housing inner wall sheer forces, in particular a flow disturbance, are generated in an enhanced manner. In addition, there is a system including an end cap for a one or multiple shaft reactor/mixer and a discharge screw connector block being connectable with the end cap in a detachable manner.

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of α-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), α-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises:—at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b, . . . 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,—said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion,—said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b, . . . 204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.