A reactor that operates with ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) to attain UV photoreactions or UV photo-initiated reaction in a fluid flow for various applications, including water purification. The UV-LED reactor is comprised of a conduit means for passing fluid flow, an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED), and a radiation-focusing element to focus the UV-LED radiation to the fluid in the longitudinal direction of the conduit proportionally to the fluid velocity in the cross section of the conduit.

A device for creation of a plasma-activated liquid with defined characteristics. The device includes a plasma application device having a plasma applicator. A liquid is brought into contact with a gas plasma in the plasma application device. A sensor device serves for analysis of the composition of the plasma-treated liquid at least in terms of a species created by the plasma treatment. Based on a concentration of one or more species detected by the sensor device, treatment parameters of the liquid in the plasma application device can be adjusted or modified. Thereby a plasma-treated liquid with defined characteristics for treatment of a patient is provided.

Method and apparatus for synthesizing compounds by a low temperature plasma dual-electric field aided gas phase reaction are provided. The method utilizes two different electrode corona discharge fields in a plasma aided reactor to form a plasma dual-electric field, using electric energy to convert gas into gas molecules, atoms, ions and/or free radicals, and then reforming and reducing to obtain organic compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher carbon ethers, higher carbon alcohols, higher carbon esters, lower carbon alcohols, and the like; also inorganic compounds such as N.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, NH.sub.3, and the like. The apparatus includes a reactor having a plasma region of two different corona discharge fields, wherein an alternating current corona discharge field or a positive corona discharge field is set in the first electric field, and a negative corona discharge field is set in the second electric field.

Provided is a method of synthesizing apatite powder by emitting a laser beam to a surface of a substrate immersed in a precursor solution. The method is including immersing a substrate in an apatite-forming precursor solution, emitting a laser beam to a region on a surface of the substrate immersed in the precursor solution, and obtaining apatite powder generated in the precursor solution.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

A feed gas feeding system for a propylene ammoxidation reactor comprises a feed gas mixing system and a feed distributor, wherein a propylene and ammonia mixed gas is mixed by the feed gas mixing system and then uniformly distributed in the propylene ammoxidation reactor by the feed distributor. The initial temperature T.sub.0 when the propylene and ammonia mixed gas enters the feed distributor is 10-220° C. The feed gas feeding system can prevent the temperature of the gas mixture at any position in the feed distributor from reaching a temperature at which ammonia decomposes into active nitrogen atoms, thereby reducing a risk of brittle nitriding fractures of the feed distributor.

Disclosed is an LED light source photocatalytic tubular reactor and application thereof. The LED light source photocatalytic tubular reactor comprises an LED light source, a temperature control chamber and a transparent reaction pipeline; the transparent reaction pipeline is located in the temperature control chamber; at least one side of the temperature control chamber is a light-transmitting plate; the LED light source provides a light source for the transparent reaction pipeline through the light-transmitting plate; and the transparent reaction pipeline has a diameter-to-length ratio of the inner diameter to the length of 0-0.1, but not 0. The LED light source continuous photocatalytic tubular reactor of the present disclosure can eliminate the scaling up effect, increase the yield and allow continuous production with an advantage of easy to use and low cost. The tubular reaction device of the present disclosure can also realize automatic control, which can effectively reduce personnel costs and improve production safety.

A microwave energy source that generates a microwave energy is disclosed. The microwave energy source has an on-state and an off-state. A control circuit is coupled to the microwave energy source and includes an output to generate a control signal that adjusts a pulse frequency of the microwave energy. A voltage generator applies a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during the off-state. A frequency and a duty cycle of the non-zero voltage is based on a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal. A waveguide is coupled to the microwave energy source. The waveguide has a supply gas inlet that receives a supply gas, a reaction zone that generates a plasma, a process inlet that injects a raw material into the reaction zone, and an outlet that outputs a powder based on a mixture of the supply gas and the raw material within the plasma.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.