According to the present invention, there can be provided a process for producing 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), comprising culturing, in a medium, a 7DHC-producing Labyrinthulea microorganism in which sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity is reduced or lost as compared to a parent strain, allowing 7DHC to be produced and accumulated in the culture, and collecting the 7DHC from the culture; and a process for producing vitamin D3, comprising irradiating, with ultraviolet light, 7-dehydrocholesterol produced by the production process.

A light irradiation multi-sample parallel reaction device comprises: a base (1), a support disc (2) horizontally fixed and mounted above the base (1), a top disc (3) mounted above the support disc (2), a rotating disc (4) rotatably mounted below the support disc (2), and a plurality of reaction flasks (5), wherein a plurality of light transmission holes are circumferentially formed in the support disc (2); the plurality of reaction flasks (5) are placed on the light transmission holes in a one-to-one correspondence; a plurality of reaction flask through-holes for the reaction flasks (5) to pass through are formed in the top disc (3); a plurality of sets of stirrers (7) corresponding to the reaction flasks (5) are mounted between the top disc (3) and the support disc (2), and used for stirring liquids in the reaction flasks (5); the rotating disc (4) is arranged coaxially with the support disc (2); and a plurality of light sources (9) are arranged on an upper surface of the rotating disc (4). The device enables the irradiation intensity of light entering solutions to be consistent, improving experimental accuracy.

Methods for recycling carbon fibers are disclosed. The methods can include providing at least one object comprising carbon fibers and resin, and contacting the object with at least one light beam to produce recycled carbon fibers. Systems that implement the disclosed methods are also provided.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.

A method with various related apparatus polarizes the orbits of atomic electrons by strong magnetic fields creating in the atomic structure a magnetic field. The polarized atoms are introduced onto fuels, improving an efficiency of the fuels, including but not limiting to, new forms of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels with a bonded-in content of Hydrogen, Oxygen and/or other gases to enhance energy output and decrease contaminants in the exhaust. Further, methods of coating computer chips and other surfaces for their protection against oxidation, new fuels with energy content and flame temperatures greater than those of the conventional form of the same fuels, etc.

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, where the feedstock is enclosed in a web.

The present invention relates to a nanoparticle preparation device using laser, and more particularly, the nanoparticle preparation device using the laser wherein the nanoparticles prepared by irradiating the laser beam to the source material gas within the reaction chamber are recovered without being oxidized by blocking the air or moisture within the glove box in which the nitrogen atmosphere is maintained, and thus the nanoparticles are efficiently collected without oxidation.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.

Materials such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) and hydrocarbon-containing materials are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, or oil sands, oil shale, tar sands, bitumen, and coal to produce altered materials such as fuels (e.g., ethanol and/or butanol). The processing includes exposing the materials to an ion beam.

A method for treating a raw-material powder includes forming a layer of the raw-material powder and removing oxide film formed on a surface of the raw-material powder from which the layer has been formed.