An apparatus, system, and methods for polarizing nuclei of a noble gas are disclosed. The disclosed system may include a polarization apparatus configured to polarize a noble gas mixture including xenon-129. The disclosed system also may include separate volumes for (1) saturating the polarizable noble gas mixture with alkali metal vapor, (2) desaturating said noble gas mixture from its alkali metal vapor after polarization is completed, (3) intermediate storage of the resultant polarized noble gas mixture, and (4) transfer of said polarized noble gas mixture to a storage vessel (e.g., a delivery bag). The disclosed system further may include separate reservoirs for (1) the noble gas(es) to be polarized, (2) lightweight gas(es) to displace the noble gas(es), and (3) a heavy inert gas (e.g., such as natural xenon) to push the polarized noble gas(es) into a storage vessel.

High quality flake graphite is produced by methods that include mixing a carbon-containing feedstock with a catalyst to form a feedstock/catalyst mixture, or coating a catalyst with a carbon-containing feedstock, and subjecting the mixture or feed-stock-coated catalyst to irradiation with a laser to convert the feedstock into flake graphite in the presence of the catalyst. In some instances, the feedstock is converted to a char by pyrolysis and the char is instead subjected to laser irradiation. The feedstock can be a biomass or a carbonaceous material. The catalyst can be an elemental metal, an alloy, or a combination thereof. In some instances, methods described herein have been found to produce high quality flake graphite in the form of potato shaped agglomerates.

A method of dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from a water molecule comprises isolating a predetermined volume of water between concentrically-mounted electrodes; applying a magnetic field across the predetermined volume of water, the magnetic field focused radially and attracting diametrically across the electrodes; exciting water molecules in the isolated volume of water to a resonant harmonic frequency; and synchronously applying short burst high voltage, high frequency AC pulse packets to the isolated volume of water to create an electric field. The AC pulse packets have a burst width of up to 1 millisecond and a voltage up to about 10 MV, and generate an oscillating electromotive force which acts on the excited water molecules to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen.

A production apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanohorn aggregates including fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregates includes a target holding unit holding a cylindrical carbon target containing Fe or another metal catalyst, a light source irradiating a laser beam on the surface of the carbon target, a production chamber configured to irradiate the carbon target with the laser beam in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere to produce a product including the CNB, a collection mechanism collecting the product, a rotation mechanism rotating the carbon target, and a moving mechanism moving the carbon target in the axial direction thereof.

In order to provide an apparatus for industrially producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB), the apparatus comprises: a target holding unit holding a carbon target in sheet form containing a metal catalyst such as Fe; a light source irradiating a laser beam on a surface of the carbon target; a movement unit moving one of the target held by the target holding unit and the light source relative to the other to move the irradiation position of the laser beam on the surface of the target; a production chamber configured to irradiate the carbon target with the laser beam in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas to produce a product including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; a collection mechanism collecting carbon vapor evaporated from the target by irradiation of the laser beam to collect nanocarbon including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; and a control unit controlling an operation of the movement unit or the light source so that the power density of the laser beam irradiated to the surface of the carbon target is substantially constant, and the irradiation position of the laser beam is moved to a region adjacent to a region previously irradiated by the laser beam, an interval being formed therebetween that is equal to or larger than the width of an altered region formed on the periphery of the region irradiated by the laser beam.

Methods and devices are disclosed for selective photo-destruction of one chiral enantiomer of a compound using nanostructures by enhancing differential absorption of circularly polarized light by the one chiral enantiomer. Methods and devices are disclosed for selective enrichment of one chiral enantiomer of a compound using nanostructures by enhancing differential absorption of circularly polarized light by the one chiral enantiomer. The nanostructures support optical frequency electric resonances and optical frequency magnetic resonances.

Systems and methods are provided for sending serialized data for an interactive message comprising a first session data item to a second computing device to render the interactive message using the first session data item and display the rendered interactive message comprising a first media content item associated with a first interactive object and receiving, from the second computing device, a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message. The systems and methods further provided for generating a second session data item for the second interactive object of the interactive message, adding the second session data item to the serialized data, and sending the serialized data to a third computing device to render the interactive message using the serialized data and display the rendered interactive message comprising the first media content item and the second media content item.

The present invention provides a nanoparticle synthesis device capable of improving productivity of nanoparticles by increasing the size of a reaction region of laser pyrolysis of a source gas.

The present disclosure relates generally to reactor systems that include (a) a housing having an interior surface that may be at least partially reflective, (b) at least one reactor cell disposed within an interior of the housing, the at least one reactor cell including an enclosure and a plasmonic photocatalyst on a catalyst support disposed within the at least one enclosure, where the enclosure is optically transparent and includes at least one inlet for a reactant to enter the at least one cell and at least one outlet for a reformate to exit the at least one cell and (c) at least one light source disposed within the interior of the housing and/or external to the housing. At least one light-management feature and/or at least one thermal-management feature is applied to the reactor cell, reactor system, or a reformer system comprising many reactor systems, in order to improve efficiency.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for using laser ablation to manufacture nanoparticles. An example method includes steps of generating, by a laser beam generator, a laser beam, splitting, by a set of beam splitters, the laser beam into a plurality of derivative laser beams, and directing each derivative laser beam towards a plurality of targets. In this example method, the plurality of targets are submerged in corresponding synthesis solvents within corresponding synthesis chambers. Moreover, interaction of each derivative laser beam with its corresponding target releases nanoparticles into the corresponding synthesis solvent to create a nanoparticle solution including both the corresponding synthesis solvent and the released nanoparticles.