Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials.

Systems and methods are provided for receiving a first media content item associated with a first interactive object of an interactive message, receiving a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message, generating a third media content item based on the first media content item and second media content item, wherein the third media content item comprises combined features of the first media content item and the second media content item, and causing display of the generated third media content item.

Systems and methods are provided for sending serialized data for an interactive message comprising a first session data item to a second computing device to render the interactive message using the first session data item and display the rendered interactive message comprising a first media content item associated with a first interactive object and receiving, from the second computing device, a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message. The systems and methods further provided for generating a second session data item for the second interactive object of the interactive message, adding the second session data item to the serialized data, and sending the serialized data to a third computing device to render the interactive message using the serialized data and display the rendered interactive message comprising the first media content item and the second media content item.

A colored sapphire material and methods for coloring sapphire material using lasers are disclosed. The method for coloring the sapphire material may include positioning the sapphire material over an opaque substrate material, exposing the opaque substrate material to a laser beam passing through the sapphire material to impact the substrate material, and inducing a chemical change in a portion of the sapphire material exposed to the laser beam. The method may also include creating a visible color in the portion of the sapphire material as a result of the chemical change. The colored sapphire material may include a first transparent portion, and a second, colored portion substantially surrounded by the first portion. The second, colored portion may have a chemical composition different than that of the first portion.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

A method for treating a raw-material powder includes forming a layer of the raw-material powder and removing oxide film formed on a surface of the raw-material powder from which the layer has been formed.

Systems and methods are provided for sending serialized data for an interactive message comprising a first session data item to a second computing device to render the interactive message using the first session data item and display the rendered interactive message comprising a first media content item associated with a first interactive object and receiving, from the second computing device, a second media content item associated with a second interactive object of the interactive message. The systems and methods further provided for generating a second session data item for the second interactive object of the interactive message, adding the second session data item to the serialized data, and sending the serialized data to a third computing device to render the interactive message using the serialized data and display the rendered interactive message comprising the first media content item and the second media content item.

Provided herein are methods and systems for converting natural gas, and specifically methane, into higher-value oxycarbon products, such as methanol, methyl formate, and formic acid. The natural gas is introduced into an aqueous solution with hydroxyl radicals and reacted in ambient conditions to form the desired products in the presence of a metal catalyst. The methods described herein overcome the over-activation dilemma of prior art methods that lead to the formation of undesirable carbon oxide compounds. Methods and apparatus for forming hydrogen peroxide via electrolysis and for forming hydroxyl radicals from the hydrogen peroxide via reaction with ferrous ions are also provided.

Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials.

An aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is produced. As a alkali hexahydroxo platinate, sodium hexahydroxoplatinate or potassium hexahydroxoplatinate is used. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is passed through a hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer in a cation exchange resin tower. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate makes contact with the hydrogen form cation exchange resin of the hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer, thus a suspension of hexahydroxo platinic is generated. If gamma rays are irradiated to the suspension, a platinum oxide colloidal solution in which colloidal particles including a platinum dioxide, a platinum monoxide, and a platinum hydroxide exist is generated. In a platinum oxide colloidal solution, the content of impurities is little and a noble metal compound is dispersed stably in water.