Carbide-derived carbons are provided that have high dynamic loading capacity for high vapor pressure gasses such as H.sub.2S, SO.sub.2, or NH.sub.3. The carbide-derived carbons can have a plurality of metal chloride or metallic nanoparticles entrapped therein. Carbide-derived carbons are provided by extracting a metal from a metal carbide by chlorination of the metal carbide to produce a porous carbon framework having residual metal chloride nanoparticles incorporated therein, and annealing the porous carbon framework with H.sub.2 to remove residual chloride by reducing the metal chloride nanoparticles to produce the metallic nanoparticles entrapped within the porous carbon framework. The metals can include Fe, Co, Mo, or a combination thereof. The carbide-derived carbons are provided with an ammonia dynamic loading capacity of 6.9 mmol g.sup.−1 to 10 mmol g.sup.−1 at a relative humidity of 0% RH to 75% RH.

Composite particles and methods for making the same. An absorbent material is formed into a particle. An optional performance-enhancing active is coupled to the absorbent material before, during, or after the particle-forming process, homogeneously and/or in layers. Additionally, the composite absorbent particle may include a core material. Preferred methods for creating the absorbent particles include a pan agglomeration process, a high shear agglomeration process, a low shear agglomeration process, a high pressure agglomeration process, a low pressure agglomeration process, a rotary drum agglomeration process, a mix muller process, a roll press compaction process, a pin mixer process, a batch tumble blending mixer process, an extrusion process, and a fluid bed process.

The technology disclosed herein is directed to controlling humidity levels, such as the humidity level in an enclosed environment. The water isotherm of the adsorbent material is customized through the modification of the surface chemistry of the adsorbent. By modifying the surface chemistry of the adsorbent in various ways and to varying degrees, it is possible to customize the adsorbent properties to a range of different humidity levels. Such modification can enhance the adsorbing capacity and efficiency of the adsorbent, especially with regard to low molecular weight water-soluble compounds.

Proposed are a regenerating agent for a radionuclide adsorbent containing aqueous ammonia and organic acid, a regenerating method for a radionuclide adsorbent after using the regenerating agent for the radionuclide adsorbent, a method for treating of a spent regenerating agent obtained by the regenerating method of the spent radionuclide adsorbent, and a method of improving ion exchange capability of the regenerated radionuclide adsorbent obtained by the regenerating method of the spent radionuclide adsorbent.

An oxygen scavenger composition comprising a water retention agent, a swelling agent, an ammonium salt, water, and iron.

The invention is directed to an adsorbent comprising: a) 20-30% porous carbon with incorporated organic nitrogen species; and b) 70-80% inorganic matter. The invention is directed to a method of making an adsorbent which comprises: a) thermally drying dewatered sewage sludge to form granulated organic fertilizer; and b) pyrolyzing said the organic fertilizer at temperatures between 600 and 1000° C. The invention is additionally directed to the process of removing acidic gases from wet air streams comprising putting an adsorbent in contact with the wet air stream and allowing the adsorbent to adsorb the acidic gases.

Dry processes, apparatus, compositions and systems are provided for reducing emissions of sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxide in particular, and/or HCl and/or Hg in a process employing a combination of a lime-based sorbent, in particular hydrated lime and/or dolomitic hydrated lime, and a sorbent doping agent administered to achieve coverage of a three-dimensional cross section of a passage carrying SO.sub.x and/or HCl and/or Hg-containing gases with a short but effective residence time at a temperature effective to provide significant sulfur dioxide and/or HCl and/or Hg reductions with high rates of reaction and sorbent utilization. The once-through, dry process can advantageously introduce the sorbent and sorbent doping agent dry or preferably as a slurry to enable uniform treatment. Preferred sorbent doping agents include water-soluble or water-dispersible copper and/or iron compositions which can be heated to an active form in situ by the flue gases being treated.

The deodorant of the present invention is characterized in that the deodorant consists of a crystalline zinc oxide in which zinc oxide and aluminum oxide are composited, and a molar ratio (ZnO/Al.sub.2O.sub.3) of the zinc oxide to the aluminum oxide is in a range from 40 to 80. The deodorant has a high deodorizing effect against sulfur gases and acidic gases. A preferable average particle size of the deodorant is 0.2 to 15 μm.

Provided herein are an adsorbent and method of treating water using the adsorbent. The adsorbent includes thermally- and chemically-treated lignite coal. The method includes contacting wastewater with the treated lignite coal.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent includes a core-shell particle including a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the core includes ion-exchanged zeolite that is ion-exchanged with a metal other than silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) and the shell includes a mesoporous metal oxide.