Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

Provided here are methods and systems for treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock fluid during transportation to reduce contaminants harmful to refinery cracking units. Methods include transporting a contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock fluid in a transport container outfitted with removable units containing an adsorbent. The removable units can be exchanged to provide fresh adsorbent, or configured to treat specific contaminants present in the hydrocarbon feedstock fluid.

The present invention provides a water-trapping agent disposed inside a hermetically sealed container. The water-trapping agent comprises an organometallic compound as represented by Formula 1 as a drying agent component, and is obtained by a process comprising mixing the organometallic compound with organic solvent, and at least partially substituting the organic solvent with viscous replacement material: ##STR00001##
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkenyl group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group and acyl group, M is a trivalent metal atom, and n is an integer of 1 or above.

Gas chromatography column comprising a substrate, a channel formed in said substrate, a cover closing said substrate and a stationary phase covering the walls of said channel, wherein said stationary phase is made of SiOxCyHz with x between 1.6 and 1.8, y between 1 and 2.2 and z between 3 and 4, wherein said stationary phase is porous with a porosity of between 10% and 40%.

Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. When tiny contaminant particles in waste water flow through the particle pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Coating agents may help apply the nanoparticles to the particle surfaces in the filter beds or packs.

An object is to provide an adsorbent using activated carbon fiber, the adsorbent being suitable for motor vehicle canisters and enabling reduction in pressure loss. An activated carbon fiber sheet for a motor vehicle canister fulfils the following conditions (1) to (4). (1) The sheet has a specific surface area ranging from 1100 to 2300 m.sup.2/g. (2) The sheet has a density ranging from 0.010 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3 or less. (3) The sheet has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 100.00 mm. (4) The sheet has a fiber size of 13.0 m or larger.

Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. When tiny contaminant particles in waste water flow through the particle pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Coating agents such as alcohols, glycols, polyols, vegetable oil, and mineral oils may help apply the nanoparticles to the particle surfaces in the filter beds or packs.

Textured sorbent material sheets provide for enhanced performance in vapor adsorbing applications over conventional sheets, systems, canisters and other emissions control equipment. The textured sorbent material sheets can be formed as part of a small, lightweight system, canister, or can be integrated into a fuel tank.

A sorbent device based on a porous membrane bag (e.g., porous propylene membrane bag) encapsulated alkaline-modified zeolite (e.g., alkaline-treated USY zeolite). A process for removing heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater samples with the sorbent device is provided. A method for preparing the alkaline-modified zeolite is also described.

A sorbent device based on a porous membrane bag (e.g., porous propylene membrane bag) encapsulated alkaline-modified zeolite (e.g., alkaline-treated USY zeolite). A process for removing heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater samples with the sorbent device is provided. A method for preparing the alkaline-modified zeolite is also described.