This disclosure provides methods and devices for quantitating, separating and/or detecting water in a liquid, gas or solid sample comprising one or more chemicals, the method comprising: providing the liquid, gas or solid sample comprising water and the one or more chemicals; and exposing said liquid, gas or solid sample to at least one solid support including at least one dicationic and/or tricationic species of Formula I or II adsorbed, absorbed or immobilized on the solid support.

Open tubular capillary columns for liquid and ion chromatography, based upon an ionically impermeable polyolefin capillary having a bore with a sulfonate-group- or amine-group-functionalized internal surface. The capillary columns may include a coating of ion exchanging nanoparticles electrostatically bound to the functionalized internal surface. The capillary columns may be made by exposing the interior surface to a sulfonating reagent comprising chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO.sub.3H), preferably from 85 wt % to 95 wt % chlorosulfonic acid at a process temperature of 20 to 25 C. The interior surface may be subsequently exposed to an asymmetrical diamine to form a sulfonic mid-linkage to the diamine, i.e., to form a sulfonamide-linked, amine-group-functionalized internal surface. The coating may be provided by subsequently exposing the interior surface to an aqueous suspension of ion exchanging nanoparticles to electrostatically bond the ion exchanging nanoparticles to the functionalized internal surface.

A chromatography method in which a gaseous, liquid or supercritical mobile phase containing species to be separated is circulated through a packing. The packing includes a plurality of capillary ducts extending in the packing between an upstream face through which the mobile phase enters the packing and a downstream face through which the mobile phase leaves the packing. A continuous medium permeable to molecular diffusion extends between the ducts, including a porous organic gel or an organic liquid with at least one network of connected pores, the size of which is greater than two times the molecular diameter of at least one species to be separated. The at least one species has a diffusive path between the ducts.

The present invention provides a lipid extraction device comprising a capillary tube, wherein the capillary tube comprises a first region containing a first filler; and a second region present in a region other than the first region and containing a second filler having polarity different from the first filler. The present invention also provides a system and a method for extracting and analyzing lipids from a biological sample using the lipid extraction device.

Disclosed herein are single crystal imine-linked 2D-covalent organic frameworks (COFs), methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the imine-linked 2D-covalent organic frameworks are used to separate a mixture.