The present invention provides a magnesium-modified ultra-stable rare earth type Y molecular sieve and the preparation method thereof, which method is carried out by subjecting a NaY molecular sieve as the raw material to a rare earth exchange and a dispersing pre-exchange, then to an ultra-stabilization calcination treatment, and finally to a magnesium modification. The molecular sieve comprises 0.2 to 5% by weight of magnesium oxide, 1 to 20% by weight of rare earth oxide, and not more than 1.2% by weight of sodium oxide, and has a crystallinity of 46 to 63%, and a lattice parameter of 2.454 nm to 2.471 nm. In contrast to the prior art, in the molecular sieve prepared by this method, rare earth ions are located in sodalite cages, which is demonstrated by the fact that no rare earth ion is lost during the reverse exchange process. Moreover, the molecular sieve prepared by such a method has a molecular particle size D(v,0.5) of not more than 3.0 μm and a D(v,0.9) of not more than 20 μm. Such a molecular sieve has both high stability and high selectivity for the target product, while cracking catalysts using the molecular sieve as an active component is characterized by a high heavy-oil-conversion capacity and a high yield of valuable target products.

A catalyst is provided for production of hydrocarbons including monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 6 to 8 and aliphatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 3 to 4 from feedstock in which a 10 vol % distillation temperature is 140° C. or higher and a 90 vol % distillation temperature is 380° C. or lower. The catalyst includes crystalline aluminosilicate including large-pore zeolite having a 12-membered ring structure.

Improved alkylation catalysts, alkylation methods, and methods of making alkylation catalysts are described. The alkylation method comprises reaction over a solid acid, zeolite-based catalyst and can be conducted for relatively long periods at steady state conditions. The alkylation catalyst comprises a crystalline zeolite structure, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, and further having a characteristic catalyst life property. Some catalysts may contain rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt %. One method of making a catalyst includes a calcination step following exchange of the rare earth element(s) conducted at a temperature of at least 575° C. to stabilize the resulting structure followed by an deammoniation treatment. An improved method of deammoniation uses low temperature oxidation.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and/or lower olefins including propylene from CO H.sub.2 while inhibiting reduction in catalyst activity and enhancing selectivity. The apparatus produces hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and/or lower olefins including propylene, and is provided: a first supply unit which supplies a raw material gas containing CO and H.sub.2; and a hydrocarbon production unit to which the raw material gas is supplied from the first supply unit, and which produces the hydrocarbons from CO and H.sub.2 contained in the raw material gas while heating a catalyst structure at a temperature of 150° C. or more and less than 300° C. or at a temperature of 350° C. or more and less than 550° C., the catalyst structure includes supports having a porous structure and including a zeolite-type compound, and a metal fine particle present in the supports, the supports have channels communicating with outside the supports, and a portion of the channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

The invention relates to catalytic aromatization, e.g., for the conversion of non-aromatic hydrocarbon to higher-value aromatic hydrocarbon, to catalysts useful for such aromatization, to methods for making such catalysts, and to systems and apparatus for carrying out aromatization in the presence of the catalyst.

In a process for the synthesis of a crystalline molecular sieve material having the EUO framework type, a synthesis mixture is provided suitable for the formation of an EUO framework type molecular sieve and comprising N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethylhexanediammonium, Q, cations and a colloidal suspension of seed crystals of an EUO framework type molecular sieve. The synthesis mixture is crystallized and an EUO framework type molecular sieve in the form individual crystals and/or aggregates of crystals having an average size, d.sub.50, as measured by laser scattering, of less than 15 μm is recovered from the synthesis mixture.

Provided are zeolite catalysts that allow reactions to proceed at temperatures as low as possible when lower olefins are produced from hydrocarbon feedstocks with low boiling points such as light naphtha, make it possible to make propylene yield higher than ethylene yield in the production of lower olefins, and have long lifetime. The zeolite catalysts are used in the production of lower olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks with low boiling points such as light naphtha. The zeolite catalysts are MFI-type crystalline aluminosilicates containing iron atoms and have molar ratios of iron atoms to total moles of iron atoms and aluminum atoms in the range from 0.4 to 0.7. The use of the zeolite catalysts make it possible to increase propylene yield, to lower reaction temperatures, and to extend catalyst lifetime.

In an embodiment, a process of making a catalyst can comprise contacting a zeolite with an aluminum solution comprising an aluminum compound at a pH of 2 to 6; calcining the zeolite to form the catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises 0.1 to 5 wt % aluminum based on the total weight of the catalyst excluding any binder or extrusion aide. In an embodiment, a process of aromatizing methane can comprise aromatizing a feed comprising methane in the presence of the catalyst under aromatization conditions.

The invention provides a method for the preparation of an amorphous silicate of at least one metal from the Group 4 of the Periodic Table of Elements with a total pore volume of at least 0.3 mL/g. The method of preparation involves the use of pore shaping conditions, which can be the use of a pore shaper and optionally an increased precipitation temperature, e.g. at least 60° C. The silicate of the invention is especially suitable in catalytic reactions such as esterifications, Michael additions, transesterifications, (ep)oxidations, hydroxylations, or in adsorbance of small inorganic and organic molecules e.g. CO.sub.2 or aromatic compounds.