A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

A method of making a zeolite with encapsulated platinum is provided. The method includes dissolving an aluminum source in water to form a first solution, dissolving a hydroxide in water to form a second solution, dissolving a templating agent in water to form a third solution, and adding a silica source to the first solution to form a fourth solution. The method further includes adding the second solution to the fourth solution to form a fifth solution, adding the third solution to the fifth solution to form a sixth solution, and adding a platinum source to the sixth solution. The sixth solution is crystallized to form a solid product, which is recovered. The solid product is calcined. An ammonium ion exchange is performed on the solid product to form a second solid product, and the second solid product is calcined

A modified Y-type molecular sieve has a rare earth content of about 4-11% by weight on the basis of rare earth oxide, a sodium content of no more than about 0.7% by weight on the basis of sodium oxide, a zinc content of about 0.5-5% by weight on the basis of zinc oxide, a phosphorus content of about 0.05-10% by weight on the basis of phosphorus pentoxide, a framework silica-alumina ratio of about 7-14 calculated on the basis of SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio, a percentage of non-framework aluminum content to the total aluminum content of no more than about 20%, and a percentage of the pore volume of secondary pores having a pore size of 2-100 nm to the total pore volume of about 15-30%. The modified Y-type molecular sieve has a high crystallinity, a structure comprising secondary pores, and a high thermal and hydrothermal stability.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a xylene isomerization catalyst comprises the steps of (i) contacting a ZSM-5 zeolite starting material having a silica to alumina molar ratio of 20 to 50 and having a mesopore surface area in the range of 50 m.sup.2/gram to 200 m.sup.2/gram in a reactor with a base to provide an intermediate zeolite material; (ii) recovering the intermediate ZSM-5 zeolite material of step (i); (iii) contacting the intermediate zeolite material with an acid to provide an acid treated ZSM-5 zeolite product; (iv) recovering the acid treated ZSM-5 zeolite material; and (v) calcining the acid treated ZSM-5 zeolite material to provide a desilicated ZSM-5 zeolite product having a silica to alumina molar ratio of 20 to 150 and having a mesopore surface area in the range of 100 m.sup.2/gram to 400 m.sup.2/gram.

The present invention pertains to the use of mesoporous ZSM-22 zeolite in a process for the cracking or conversion of a feed comprised of hydrocarbons, such as, for example, that obtained from the processing of crude petroleum, to a mixture high in propylene. Further, the present invention concerns the field of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes and relates to the preparation and employment of additives based on zeolites having increased mesoporosity, such as altered ZSM-22. More particularly the present invention discloses a process for improving the production of propylene in FCC units.

A method of producing a hierarchical zeolite composite catalyst is provided. The method includes dissolving, in an alkaline solution and in the presence of a surfactant, a catalyst precursor comprising mesoporous zeolite to yield a dissolved zeolite solution, where the mesoporous zeolite comprises large pore ZSM-12 and medium pore ZSM-5. The method also includes condensing the dissolved zeolite solution to yield a solid zeolite composite from the dissolved zeolite solution and heating the solid zeolite composite to remove the surfactant. The method further includes impregnating the solid zeolite composite with one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhenium, rhodium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, chromium, ruthenium, gold, and combinations thereof to yield impregnated solid zeolite composite and calcining the impregnated solid zeolite composite to produce the hierarchical zeolite composite catalyst. The hierarchical zeolite composite catalyst has a mesostructure comprising at least one disordered mesophase and at least one ordered mesophase.

A composite material comprises a macroporous silicate-based material at least partially substituted with at least one microporous zeolite, wherein the microporous zeolite is functionalised with either copper, iron or both copper and iron, and wherein the composite material is in the form of particles. The composite material can be obtained using a method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a mixture comprising a silicate-containing scaffold having a macroporous structure, an aluminium source and an organic template; (ii) hydrothermally treating the mixture to form a microporous zeolite-containing structure substantially retaining the macroporous structure of the silicate-containing scaffold; (iii) incorporating copper, iron or both copper and iron into the zeolite. The silicate-containing scaffold can be a diatomaceous earth.

A catalyst contains a metal oxide, and a molecular sieve, in a crystal form, having a topological pore structure. The metal oxide is centrally distributed on the surface of the molecular sieve. Grains of the molecular sieve are exposed to at least three families of crystal planes. The family of crystal plane with the largest pore size in topology is occupied by the metal oxide by no more than 30%, preferably no more than 20%, or no more than 10%.

Disclosed is a method of preparing a high-performance zeolite catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, and more particularly a technique for preparing a zeolite catalyst, suitable for use in effectively removing nitrogen oxide (NOx), among exhaust gases emitted from vehicle internal combustion engines through selective catalytic reduction (SCR), thereby exhibiting high efficiency, high chemical stability and high thermal durability upon SCR using the prepared catalyst.