A process for producing isomerized olefins, branched aldehydes, branched alcohols and branched surfactants through isomerization, hydroformylation, hydrogenation and surfactant forming reactions.

Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of: (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.

Described herein are methods of preparing poly(alkylene carbonate) polymers comprising an increased ratio of primary hydroxyl end groups to secondary hydroxyl end groups, and compositions thereof.

Reactors and methods of using the reactors to produce 1-butene are disclosed. A feed stream comprising n-butane is flowed to a dehydrogenation compartment of a reactor. The dehydrogenation compartment includes a dehydrogenation catalyst for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of n-butane to produce a dehydrogenation compartment effluent comprising 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, and/or unreacted n-butane. The dehydrogenation compartment effluent is flowed to a isomerization compartment of the reactor. The isomerization compartment contains a catalyst for isomerizing 2-butene in the dehydrogenation compartment effluent to produce 1-butene. A heating section is disposed between the dehydrogenation compartment and the isomerization compartment to provide heat for the reactions in both compartments.

A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

Reactors and methods of using the reactors to produce 1-butene are disclosed. A feed stream comprising n-butane is flowed to a dehydrogenation compartment of a reactor. The dehydrogenation compartment includes a dehydrogenation catalyst for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of n-butane to produce a dehydrogenation compartment effluent comprising 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, and/or unreacted n-butane. The dehydrogenation compartment effluent is flowed to a isomerization compartment of the reactor. The isomerization compartment contains a catalyst for isomerizing 2-butene in the dehydrogenation compartment effluent to produce 1-butene. A heating section is disposed between the dehydrogenation compartment and the isomerization compartment to provide heat for the reactions in both compartments.

Provided herein are cinchonium betaine catalysts and methods of promoting asymmetric butenolide isomerization reactions using the same.

The present invention discloses a nickel/titanium oxide-silicon oxide catalyst for synthesizing terpinene-4-ol as well as a preparation method and method of synthesizing terpinene-4-ol using the same. The preparation method includes the steps of catalyst preparation, terpinene-4-ol synthesis and the like are disclosed in the present invention. The preparation method includes the following steps: firstly, preparing a mixed colloid of TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 by using a sol-gel method, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and roasting is performed to prepare a TiO.sub.2—SiO.sub.2 binary oxide; then, preparing Ni/TiO2-SiO2 by dipping in a nickel nitrate solution, and preparing a supported catalyst by drying and roasting; and finally, adopting a terpinolene-4, 8-epoxide a raw material, carrying out isomerization under the dual catalytic action of TiO2-SiO2 and Ni of the supported catalyst, and carrying out hydrogenation to prepare terpinene-4-ol. The preparation method can combine isomerization and hydrogenation reaction on the same catalyst, has good selectivity on terpinene-4-ol, and is simple to operate and high in product yield.

Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.