A method is disclosed for converting biomass into a fuel additive, the method comprising: liquefying the biomass to form a liquor; neutralizing the liquor; precipitating lignin out of the liquor; extracting furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the liquor; and hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) the extracted furfurals over a Cu—Ni/TiO.sub.2 catalyst. The catalyst for hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to methylated furans comprises copper-nickel (Cu—Ni) particles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), and wherein the copper-nickel particles form core-shell structures in which copper (Cu) is enriched at a surface of the catalyst.

A method is disclosed for converting biomass into a fuel additive, the method comprising: liquefying the biomass to form a liquor; neutralizing the liquor; precipitating lignin out of the liquor; extracting furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the liquor; and hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) the extracted furfurals over a Cu—Ni/TiO.sub.2 catalyst. The catalyst for hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to methylated furans comprises copper-nickel (Cu—Ni) particles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), and wherein the copper-nickel particles form core-shell structures in which copper (Cu) is enriched at a surface of the catalyst.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a support, catalytically active species comprising a vanadium species, an antimony species and a tungsten species, and optionally, at least one further species selected from the group consisting of silicon species, aluminum species, zirconium species, titanium species, and cerium species; a catalytic article comprising the same, a method for preparing the catalytic article, and use of the catalyst composition or the catalytic article for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a support, catalytically active species comprising a vanadium species, an antimony species and a tungsten species, and optionally, at least one further species selected from the group consisting of silicon species, aluminum species, zirconium species, titanium species, and cerium species; a catalytic article comprising the same, a method for preparing the catalytic article, and use of the catalyst composition or the catalytic article for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.

An ammonia synthesis catalyst, includes a composite oxide carrier in which at least one additive metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn) is solid-solutionized in a composite oxide containing cerium (Ce) and a lanthanide other than Ce and having a composition represented by the following formula:

Ce.sub.xA.sub.1−x−yB.sub.yO.sub.d

(in the formula, A represents a lanthanide other than Ce, B represents the additive metal element, x represents a molar fraction of Ce, y represents a molar fraction of the additive metal element, 1−x−y represents a molar fraction of a lanthanide other than Ce, x and y satisfy 0.1≤x≤0.9, 0.01≤y≤0.3, and 0.11≤x+y≤0.91, d represents a molar ratio of oxygen atoms, and 1.5≤d≤2 is satisfied); and ruthenium (Ru) supported on the composite oxide carrier.

An ammonia synthesis catalyst, includes a composite oxide carrier in which at least one additive metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn) is solid-solutionized in a composite oxide containing cerium (Ce) and a lanthanide other than Ce and having a composition represented by the following formula:

Ce.sub.xA.sub.1−x−yB.sub.yO.sub.d

(in the formula, A represents a lanthanide other than Ce, B represents the additive metal element, x represents a molar fraction of Ce, y represents a molar fraction of the additive metal element, 1−x−y represents a molar fraction of a lanthanide other than Ce, x and y satisfy 0.1≤x≤0.9, 0.01≤y≤0.3, and 0.11≤x+y≤0.91, d represents a molar ratio of oxygen atoms, and 1.5≤d≤2 is satisfied); and ruthenium (Ru) supported on the composite oxide carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a molding catalyst for obtaining chlorine (Cl.sub.2) through an oxidation reaction of hydrogen chloride (HCl), and more specifically, to a method for producing an oxidation reaction molding catalyst by adding heterogeneous material to a ruthenium oxide (RuO.sub.2)-supported catalyst having titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2) as a supporting body, and molding so as to be usable in a fixed bed reactor to produce chlorine (Cl.sub.2) from hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Catalysts, catalytic materials having catalysts present on supports and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts, catalytic material and methods are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane.

Catalysts, catalytic materials having catalysts present on supports and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts, catalytic material and methods are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane.

The honeycomb catalyst body is equipped with a honeycomb structure body having partition walls that define a plurality of cells extending from a first end face as one of the end faces to a second end face as the other end face and serving as through channels of a fluid. The partition walls each have a base layer containing from 50 to 90 mass % of zeolite and a coat layer with which the surface of the base layer 11 is coated with a thickness of from 1 to 50 μm. The coat layer is either a coat layer (A) containing from 1 to 5 mass % vanadia and titania or a coat layer (B) containing from 1 to 5 mass % vanadia and a composite oxide of titania and tungsten oxide.