The present invention relates to heterogeneous acid catalysts comprising or consisting of mixed metal salts, of lithium and aluminum phosphates and sulfates, and combinations with metallic cations, such as magnesium, titanium, zinc, zirconium and gallium, to provide adequate Lewis acidity; organic or inorganic porosity promoters, such as polysaccharides; and agglomerates, such as clays, kaolin and metal oxides of the type M.sub.xO.sub.y, where; M=Al, Mg, Sr, Zr or Ti, and other metals of groups IA, IIA and IVB, x=1 or 2 and y=2 or 3, for the formation of particles. A process is disclosed for obtaining from the catalyst by the hydrolysis of aluminum lithium hydride with water and oxygenated solvent, such as an ether. The catalysts are used in batch reactor and continuous flow systems in reactions that require moderate Lewis acidity, such as refining, petrochemical and general chemistry, including the transesterification of glycerides to produce alkyl esters.

Disclosed are a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a composite oxide catalyst, for preparing butadiene, including a metal composite oxide and AlPO.sub.4, and a method of preparing the same are disclosed.

According to the present disclosure, a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene, which includes a specific binder material, prevents generation of ingredients with a high boiling point, has superior catalyst strength, catalytic activity and butadiene yield, and a method of preparing the same are provided.

Disclosed are a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a composite oxide catalyst, for preparing butadiene, including a metal composite oxide and AlPO.sub.4, and a method of preparing the same are disclosed.

According to the present disclosure, a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene, which includes a specific binder material, prevents generation of ingredients with a high boiling point, has superior catalyst strength, catalytic activity and butadiene yield, and a method of preparing the same are provided.

The present invention provides a production method which is capable of stably producing a catalyst that enables a production of methacrylic acid with high selectivity. A method of producing a catalyst used for a production of methacrylic acid includes (i) preparing a slurry A1 containing a heteropolyacid containing at least phosphorus and molybdenum or a salt of the heteropolyacid containing at least phosphorus and molybdenum, (ii) preparing a slurry A2 satisfying the following Formula (I) and Formula (II) using the slurry A1, (iii) mixing the slurry A2 and a raw material liquid B containing a cationic raw material to prepare a slurry C, and (iv) drying the slurry C, α.sub.A2/α.sub.A1≤0.95 (I), 2≤D.sub.A2≤50 (II), wherein, in Formula (I), α.sub.A1 represents a half-value width (μm) of a particle size distribution of the slurry A1, α.sub.A2 represents a half-value width (μm) of a particle size distribution of the slurry A2, and in Formula (II), D.sub.A2 represents a median diameter (μm) of the particle size distribution of the slurry A2.

The present invention provides a production method which is capable of stably producing a catalyst that enables a production of methacrylic acid with high selectivity. A method of producing a catalyst used for a production of methacrylic acid includes (i) preparing a slurry A1 containing a heteropolyacid containing at least phosphorus and molybdenum or a salt of the heteropolyacid containing at least phosphorus and molybdenum, (ii) preparing a slurry A2 satisfying the following Formula (I) and Formula (II) using the slurry A1, (iii) mixing the slurry A2 and a raw material liquid B containing a cationic raw material to prepare a slurry C, and (iv) drying the slurry C, α.sub.A2/α.sub.A1≤0.95 (I), 2≤D.sub.A2≤50 (II), wherein, in Formula (I), α.sub.A1 represents a half-value width (μm) of a particle size distribution of the slurry A1, α.sub.A2 represents a half-value width (μm) of a particle size distribution of the slurry A2, and in Formula (II), D.sub.A2 represents a median diameter (μm) of the particle size distribution of the slurry A2.

Disclosed are a ferrite catalyst and preparation methods thereof. The catalyst is provided with a formula below, wherein A is Mg atom, Zn atom or a mixture of both atoms at any ratio; D is one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Mn, Ca, Mo or V atom; Z is a catalyst carrier, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, ferric phosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc phosphate, Mg—Al hydrotalcite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate; a=0.01-0.6; b=0-0.30; c is a number balancing each valence; x, y represent the amounts of principal catalyst and carrier Z respectively, wherein the weight ratio y/x=0.5:1-7:1.
x(FeA.sub.aD.sub.bO.sub.c)/yZ

Disclosed are a ferrite catalyst and preparation methods thereof. The catalyst is provided with a formula below, wherein A is Mg atom, Zn atom or a mixture of both atoms at any ratio; D is one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Mn, Ca, Mo or V atom; Z is a catalyst carrier, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, ferric phosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc phosphate, Mg—Al hydrotalcite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate; a=0.01-0.6; b=0-0.30; c is a number balancing each valence; x, y represent the amounts of principal catalyst and carrier Z respectively, wherein the weight ratio y/x=0.5:1-7:1.
x(FeA.sub.aD.sub.bO.sub.c)/yZ

The present invention relates to a process for hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of hydrogen, at least one supported solid catalyst and at least one dispersed solid catalyst obtained from at least one salt of a heteropolyanion combining molybdenum and at least one metal selected from cobalt and nickel in a Strandberg, Keggin, lacunary Keggin or substituted lacunary Keggin structure.

The present invention relates to a process for hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of hydrogen, at least one supported solid catalyst and at least one dispersed solid catalyst obtained from at least one salt of a heteropolyanion combining molybdenum and at least one metal selected from cobalt and nickel in a Strandberg, Keggin, lacunary Keggin or substituted lacunary Keggin structure.

An oxygen transfer agent comprising a metal-boron oxide is provided. The average oxidation state of the metal in the metal-boron oxide is about 3+, and has 10% or less of a stoichiometric excess in moles of Mn with respect to the boron. The oxygen transfer agent may further comprise a magnesia-phosphate cement. The oxygen transfer agent is capable of oxidatively dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon feed at reaction conditions to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product and water. The oxidative dehydrogenation can take place under reaction conditions of less than 1000 ppm weight molecular oxygen, or in the presence of more than 1000 ppm weight of molecular oxygen. Also provided are methods of using the oxygen transfer agents, and an apparatus for effecting the oxidative dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feed.