A catalyst comprising Mo, Bi, and Fe, and satisfying, in an X-ray diffraction analysis, 0.10<P/R<0.18 and 0.06<Q/R<0.30 where P represents a peak intensity at 2θ=22.9±0.2°, Q represents a peak intensity at 2θ=28.1±0.1°, and R represents a peak intensity at 2θ=26.6±0.2°.

A catalyst comprising Mo, Bi, and Fe, and satisfying, in an X-ray diffraction analysis, 0.10<P/R<0.18 and 0.06<Q/R<0.30 where P represents a peak intensity at 2θ=22.9±0.2°, Q represents a peak intensity at 2θ=28.1±0.1°, and R represents a peak intensity at 2θ=26.6±0.2°.

Methods of synthesizing Bi.sub.2S.sub.3-CdS particles in the form of spheres as well as properties of these Bi.sub.2S.sub.3-CdS particles are described. Methods of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants employing these Bi.sub.2S.sub.3-CdS particles and methods of preventing or reducing microbial growth on a surface by applying these Bi.sub.2S.sub.3-CdS particles in the form of a solution or an antimicrobial product onto the surface are also specified.

A method for producing a multimetal oxide catalyst comprises preparation of a precursor composition, exposing said precursor composition to elevated temperatures to activate the composition, and grinding the activated composition. The preparation of the precursor composition comprises: a) forming a plasticized precursor composition from the constituents of the composition; b) discharging the plasticized precursor composition from an extruder having at least one die to form extrudates; c) allowing the extrudates to drop onto a transfer surface disposed beneath the at least one die whereby the extrudates break into pieces which come to rest on the transfer surface; d) transferring the pieces to at least one drying chamber; and e) moving the pieces, through the at least one drying chamber on an air permeable drying conveyor belt; wherein steps b) through d) are carried out under reduced pressure. The method allows the production of a multimetal oxide catalyst with uniform characteristics. Fine particles of the multimetal oxide precursor that may be generated during extrusion of the plasticized precursor composition and handling of the extrudates are removed.

A method for producing a multimetal oxide catalyst comprises preparation of a precursor composition, exposing said precursor composition to elevated temperatures to activate the composition, and grinding the activated composition. The preparation of the precursor composition comprises: a) forming a plasticized precursor composition from the constituents of the composition; b) discharging the plasticized precursor composition from an extruder having at least one die to form extrudates; c) allowing the extrudates to drop onto a transfer surface disposed beneath the at least one die whereby the extrudates break into pieces which come to rest on the transfer surface; d) transferring the pieces to at least one drying chamber; and e) moving the pieces, through the at least one drying chamber on an air permeable drying conveyor belt; wherein steps b) through d) are carried out under reduced pressure. The method allows the production of a multimetal oxide catalyst with uniform characteristics. Fine particles of the multimetal oxide precursor that may be generated during extrusion of the plasticized precursor composition and handling of the extrudates are removed.

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, a catalyst is realized with a structure in which metal oxide is supported on a silica carrier, and thus, using mesopores useful for adsorption and desorption of gas, a high reaction surface area can be provided, and ultimately, ammoxidation of propylene can be increased.

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, a catalyst is realized with a structure in which metal oxide is supported on a silica carrier, and thus, using mesopores useful for adsorption and desorption of gas, a high reaction surface area can be provided, and ultimately, ammoxidation of propylene can be increased.

A method of loading granules into reaction tubes of a vertical multitube reactor installed in a vertical direction by dropping the granules from above each of the reaction tubes in a state that a linear member is inserted and suspended in the reaction tube. The reaction tube has an effective length of 1000 mm or more. The linear member includes a small-diameter portion positioned on an upper side and a large-diameter portion continuously extending from the small-diameter portion. The small-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Ra) of 5.0 mm or less, and the large-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Rb) of 5.0 to 15.0 mm larger than the outer diameter (Ra). A length of the small-diameter portion from an upper end of the reaction tube is 10.0 mm or more. A distance between an upper surface of a granule loaded layer formed inside the reaction tube and a lower end of the linear member inserted in the reaction tube is 100 mm or more.

A method of loading granules into reaction tubes of a vertical multitube reactor installed in a vertical direction by dropping the granules from above each of the reaction tubes in a state that a linear member is inserted and suspended in the reaction tube. The reaction tube has an effective length of 1000 mm or more. The linear member includes a small-diameter portion positioned on an upper side and a large-diameter portion continuously extending from the small-diameter portion. The small-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Ra) of 5.0 mm or less, and the large-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Rb) of 5.0 to 15.0 mm larger than the outer diameter (Ra). A length of the small-diameter portion from an upper end of the reaction tube is 10.0 mm or more. A distance between an upper surface of a granule loaded layer formed inside the reaction tube and a lower end of the linear member inserted in the reaction tube is 100 mm or more.

The present disclosure relates to a surface comprising a photocatalyst affixed thereupon via an adhesive layer and methods for affixing the photocatalyst to the surface via the adhesive layer. The present disclosure also provides a purifier comprising the photocatalyst affixed surface and a purifier system comprising such purifier.