Methods and compositions related to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprising iron and vanadium, wherein the vanadium is present as (1) one or more vanadium oxides, and (2) metal vanadate of the form Fe.sub.xM.sub.yVO.sub.4 where x=0.2 to 1 and y=1−x, and where M comprises one or more non-Fe metals when y>0.

A catalyst composition includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons includes contacting in a reactor system a carbon-containing feedstock with at least one catalyst in the presence of oxygen to generate olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; and collecting the olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; wherein: the at least one catalyst includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for preparing the catalyst includes mixing metal catalyst precursors selected from transition metal compounds and rare-earth metal compounds and a eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides and heating it. A use of the catalyst in the catalytic cracking process of hydrocarbons.

A catalyst composition includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons includes contacting in a reactor system a carbon-containing feedstock with at least one catalyst in the presence of oxygen to generate olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; and collecting the olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; wherein: the at least one catalyst includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for preparing the catalyst includes mixing metal catalyst precursors selected from transition metal compounds and rare-earth metal compounds and a eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides and heating it. A use of the catalyst in the catalytic cracking process of hydrocarbons.

A method for preparing an active catalyst for high-efficiency denitration is disclosed. The method includes: a catalyst raw material is charged into a denitration reactor, NH.sub.3 and an inert gas are introduced and then heating is performed, and the temperature is held and then natural cooling is performed, thereby obtaining the catalyst. The active catalyst can greatly improve the denitration activity in low temperature range, and can not only improve the denitration efficiency under the condition without SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, but also can improve the denitration efficiency under the condition with both SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The service life of the catalyst is prolonged under the premise of not changing the existing catalyst preparation process, and the economic benefit is significant. The denitration efficiency of a powder catalyst can be increased by 25%, and the denitration efficiency of a honeycombed catalyst or a corrugated catalyst can be increased by 20%.

A method for preparing an active catalyst for high-efficiency denitration is disclosed. The method includes: a catalyst raw material is charged into a denitration reactor, NH.sub.3 and an inert gas are introduced and then heating is performed, and the temperature is held and then natural cooling is performed, thereby obtaining the catalyst. The active catalyst can greatly improve the denitration activity in low temperature range, and can not only improve the denitration efficiency under the condition without SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, but also can improve the denitration efficiency under the condition with both SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The service life of the catalyst is prolonged under the premise of not changing the existing catalyst preparation process, and the economic benefit is significant. The denitration efficiency of a powder catalyst can be increased by 25%, and the denitration efficiency of a honeycombed catalyst or a corrugated catalyst can be increased by 20%.

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane comprises contacting a mixture of ethane and oxygen in an ODH reactor with an ODH catalyst under conditions that promote oxidation of ethane into ethylene. Conditions within the reactor are controlled by the operator and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as 5 temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Conditions will vary and can be optimized for a specific catalyst, or whether an inert diluent is used in the mixing of the reactants. Disclosed herein is a catalyst consisting of: Mo.sub.0-1W.sub.0.3-1V.sub.0.2-0.4Te.sub.0.06-0.10Fe.sub.0.0-0.10Nb.sub.0.08-0.18O.sub.X where X is determined by the valance of the metals.

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane comprises contacting a mixture of ethane and oxygen in an ODH reactor with an ODH catalyst under conditions that promote oxidation of ethane into ethylene. Conditions within the reactor are controlled by the operator and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as 5 temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Conditions will vary and can be optimized for a specific catalyst, or whether an inert diluent is used in the mixing of the reactants. Disclosed herein is a catalyst consisting of: Mo.sub.0-1W.sub.0.3-1V.sub.0.2-0.4Te.sub.0.06-0.10Fe.sub.0.0-0.10Nb.sub.0.08-0.18O.sub.X where X is determined by the valance of the metals.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst ensuring that when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted using a catalyst to produce a target substance, the pressure loss and coking are suppressed and the target substance can be produced in high yield. The present invention is related to a ring-shaped catalyst having a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst ensuring that when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted using a catalyst to produce a target substance, the pressure loss and coking are suppressed and the target substance can be produced in high yield. The present invention is related to a ring-shaped catalyst having a straight body part and a hollow body part, which is used when a gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a material substance is conducted to produce a target substance, wherein a length of the straight body part is shorter than a length of the hollow body part and at least at one end part, a region from an end part of the straight body part to an end part of the hollow body part is concavely curved.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a support, catalytically active species comprising a vanadium species, an antimony species and a tungsten species, and optionally, at least one further species selected from the group consisting of silicon species, aluminum species, zirconium species, titanium species, and cerium species; a catalytic article comprising the same, a method for preparing the catalytic article, and use of the catalyst composition or the catalytic article for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.