A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes, in order: a first layer that includes MA.sub.w; a second layer that includes MO.sub.yA.sub.z; and a third layer that includes MO.sub.x, where M includes a transition metal, A includes at least one of sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium, w is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, x is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, y is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, and z is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transition metal may include at least one of molybdenum and/or tungsten. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, A may be sulfur.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes, in order: a first layer that includes MA.sub.w; a second layer that includes MO.sub.yA.sub.z; and a third layer that includes MO.sub.x, where M includes a transition metal, A includes at least one of sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium, w is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, x is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, y is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, and z is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transition metal may include at least one of molybdenum and/or tungsten. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, A may be sulfur.

The present invention concerns a catalyst and pre-treatment process for acidic charges consisting of sulfated zirconia and cerium for the production of biofuels, characterized in that the catalyst has greater activity and resistance to deactivation with acidic charges.

An emissions control system including a fluidized bed apparatus containing a reactive sorbent material is disclosed for gaseous and non-gaseous contaminated emissions. The reactive sorbent material may be CZTS, CZTS-Alloy, or a CZTS-Mixture sorbent material. The fluidized bed apparatus is configured with one or more closed loop sorbent recycling subsystems. The sorbent recycling subsystems include the capability to separate sorbents from each other, separate contaminates from sorbents for disposal and/or recycling, clean and/or rejuvenate sorbents for return to the fluidized bed apparatus, dispose of spent and exhausted sorbents, and replace the spent and exhausted sorbents with new sorbent to maintain consistent sorbent function in the fluidized bed apparatus. Monitoring sensors provide information useful in a method for establishing and maintaining consistent process parameter controls.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation from water. The Z-scheme photocatalyst can include a hybrid metal that includes a semiconductor material/M1/Cd.sub.xM.sub.1xS material. M1 can be transition metal and M can Zn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ag, Pb and Ni.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation from water. The Z-scheme photocatalyst can include a hybrid metal that includes a semiconductor material/M1/Cd.sub.xM.sub.1xS material. M1 can be transition metal and M can Zn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ag, Pb and Ni.

Disclosed is a catalyst and methods for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using elemental sulfur as a soft oxidant. The process can provide ethylene from methane with high conversion and selectivity.

A diesel oxidation catalyst article is provided, which includes a substrate carrier having a plurality of channels adapted for gas flow and a catalyst composition positioned to contact an exhaust gas passing through each channel. The catalyst composition includes a platinum (Pt) component and a sulfur (S)-containing component impregnated onto a refractory metal oxide support and is effective to abate hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, as well as oxidize NO to NO.sub.2 in the exhaust gas. Methods of making and using the catalyst article are also provided, as well as emission treatment systems comprising the catalyst article.