Provided in this disclosure are catalyst compositions. The catalyst compositions include an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst that includes a mixed metal oxide having the empirical formula:
Mo.sub.1.0V.sub.0.12-0.49Te.sub.0.05-0.17Nb.sub.0.10-0.20Al.sub.cO.sub.d
wherein c is from 0 to 2.0 and d is a number to satisfy the valence of the oxide. The compositions are at least 40 wt. % amorphous as measured by XRD. The disclosure also provides methods of making the compositions.

Provided in this disclosure are catalyst compositions. The catalyst compositions include an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst that includes a mixed metal oxide having the empirical formula:
Mo.sub.1.0V.sub.0.12-0.49Te.sub.0.05-0.17Nb.sub.0.10-0.20Al.sub.cO.sub.d
wherein c is from 0 to 2.0 and d is a number to satisfy the valence of the oxide. The compositions are at least 40 wt. % amorphous as measured by XRD. The disclosure also provides methods of making the compositions.

Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al-CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al-CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al-CNF-MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al-CNF-MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al-CNF-MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m.sup.2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m.sup.2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al-CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al-CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al-CNF-MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al-CNF-MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al-CNF-MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m.sup.2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m.sup.2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

A method for producing (meth)acrolein by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of propylene or isobutylene in a multitubular reactor including a plurality of reaction tubes, the reaction tubes each including a reaction zone filled with a catalyst including molybdenum oxide and a cooling zone filled with an inert substance, wherein a temperature of a heat medium that flows outside the cooling zone is lower than a temperature of a heat medium that flows outside the reaction zone, and wherein the inert substance includes an inert substance having a major-axis length that is equal to or more than 1.7 times a major-axis length of the catalyst. A method for producing (meth)acrylic acid in which (meth)acrolein thus produced is converted to (meth)acrylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation.

A method for producing (meth)acrolein by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of propylene or isobutylene in a multitubular reactor including a plurality of reaction tubes, the reaction tubes each including a reaction zone filled with a catalyst including molybdenum oxide and a cooling zone filled with an inert substance, wherein a temperature of a heat medium that flows outside the cooling zone is lower than a temperature of a heat medium that flows outside the reaction zone, and wherein the inert substance includes an inert substance having a major-axis length that is equal to or more than 1.7 times a major-axis length of the catalyst. A method for producing (meth)acrylic acid in which (meth)acrolein thus produced is converted to (meth)acrylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation.

Multi-metallic bulk catalysts and methods for synthesizing the same are provided. The multi-metallic bulk catalysts contain nickel, molybdenum tungsten, niobium, and optionally, titanium and/or copper. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Multi-metallic bulk catalysts and methods for synthesizing the same are provided. The multi-metallic bulk catalysts contain nickel, molybdenum tungsten, niobium, and optionally, titanium and/or copper. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium, oxygen, and optionally aluminum.

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium, oxygen, and optionally aluminum.