Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier materials and methods of using hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier materials. The hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material may comprise a core material, which includes a redox-active transition metal oxide; a shell material, which includes one or more alkali transition metal oxides; and a support material. The shell material may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core material. At least a portion of the core material may be in direct contact with the support material. The hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material may be selective to combust hydrogen in an environment that includes hydrogen and hydrocarbons.

A method for producing an oxide catalyst according to the present invention is a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb, the method including: a raw material preparation step of obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb; an aging step of subjecting the aqueous mixed liquid to aging at more than 30° C.; a drying step of drying the aqueous mixed liquid, thereby obtaining a dried powder; and a calcination step of calcining the dried powder, thereby obtaining the oxide catalyst, wherein, in the raw material preparation step and/or the aging step, precipitation of Nb is facilitated by performing at least one operation selected from the group consisting of the following (I) to (III): (I) in the raw material preparation step, the aqueous mixed liquid is prepared by mixing a Nb raw material liquid containing Nb with a MoVSb raw material liquid containing Mo, V, and Sb, wherein ammonia is added to at least one of the MoVSb raw material liquid, the Nb raw material liquid, and the aqueous mixed liquid such that a molar ratio in terms of NH.sub.3/Nb in the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to be 0.7 or more, and in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 50° C.; (II) in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 65° C.; and (III) in the raw material preparation step, the aqueous mixed liquid is prepared by mixing a Nb raw material liquid containing Nb with a MoVSb raw material liquid containing Mo, V, and Sb, wherein a molar ratio in terms of H.sub.2O.sub.2/Nb in the Nb raw material liquid is adjusted to less than 0.2, and in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 50° C.

A method for producing an oxide catalyst according to the present invention is a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb, the method including: a raw material preparation step of obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb; an aging step of subjecting the aqueous mixed liquid to aging at more than 30° C.; a drying step of drying the aqueous mixed liquid, thereby obtaining a dried powder; and a calcination step of calcining the dried powder, thereby obtaining the oxide catalyst, wherein, in the raw material preparation step and/or the aging step, precipitation of Nb is facilitated by performing at least one operation selected from the group consisting of the following (I) to (III): (I) in the raw material preparation step, the aqueous mixed liquid is prepared by mixing a Nb raw material liquid containing Nb with a MoVSb raw material liquid containing Mo, V, and Sb, wherein ammonia is added to at least one of the MoVSb raw material liquid, the Nb raw material liquid, and the aqueous mixed liquid such that a molar ratio in terms of NH.sub.3/Nb in the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to be 0.7 or more, and in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 50° C.; (II) in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 65° C.; and (III) in the raw material preparation step, the aqueous mixed liquid is prepared by mixing a Nb raw material liquid containing Nb with a MoVSb raw material liquid containing Mo, V, and Sb, wherein a molar ratio in terms of H.sub.2O.sub.2/Nb in the Nb raw material liquid is adjusted to less than 0.2, and in the aging step, a temperature of the aqueous mixed liquid is adjusted to more than 50° C.

The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst for ammoxidation, comprising steps of: preparing a catalyst precursor slurry comprising a liquid phase and a solid phase; drying the catalyst precursor slurry to obtain dry a particle; and calcining the dry particle to obtain a catalyst for ammoxidation, wherein the solid phase of the catalyst precursor slurry comprises an aggregate containing a metal and a carrier, metal primary particles constituting the aggregate have a particle size of 1 μm or smaller, and an average particle size of the metal primary particles is 40 nm or larger and 200 nm or smaller.

The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst for ammoxidation, comprising steps of: preparing a catalyst precursor slurry comprising a liquid phase and a solid phase; drying the catalyst precursor slurry to obtain dry a particle; and calcining the dry particle to obtain a catalyst for ammoxidation, wherein the solid phase of the catalyst precursor slurry comprises an aggregate containing a metal and a carrier, metal primary particles constituting the aggregate have a particle size of 1 μm or smaller, and an average particle size of the metal primary particles is 40 nm or larger and 200 nm or smaller.

The invention relates to a process for treatment of a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium, comprising contacting a gas stream comprising methane, an inert gas or oxygen or any combination of two or more of these with the catalyst, wherein said gas stream comprises 0 to 25 vol. % of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and/or alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

The invention relates to a process for treatment of a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium, comprising contacting a gas stream comprising methane, an inert gas or oxygen or any combination of two or more of these with the catalyst, wherein said gas stream comprises 0 to 25 vol. % of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and/or alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Provided is a method for preparing a diol. In the method, a saccharide and hydrogen as raw materials are contacted with a catalyst in water to prepare the diol. The employed catalyst is a composite catalyst comprised of a main catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the main catalyst is a water-insoluble acid-resistant alloy; and the cocatalyst is a soluble tungstate and/or soluble tungsten compound. The method uses an acid-resistant, inexpensive and stable alloy needless of a support as a main catalyst, and can guarantee a high yield of the diol in the case where the production cost is relatively low.

Provided is a method for preparing a diol. In the method, a saccharide and hydrogen as raw materials are contacted with a catalyst in water to prepare the diol. The employed catalyst is a composite catalyst comprised of a main catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the main catalyst is a water-insoluble acid-resistant alloy; and the cocatalyst is a soluble tungstate and/or soluble tungsten compound. The method uses an acid-resistant, inexpensive and stable alloy needless of a support as a main catalyst, and can guarantee a high yield of the diol in the case where the production cost is relatively low.