Disclosed is a method for producing, among others, alkenes and/or saturated or unsaturated oxygenates and, which include at least one of an aldehyde and an acid, comprising subjecting the corresponding C3 to C5 aliphatic alcohols that are derivable from biomass, to a vapor phase process over the catalytic system in the presence of a gas mixture of oxygen, air or nitrogen and/or other suitable diluting gas. The catalyst system comprises multi-catalytic zones, in each of which the composition of the co-feed and other reaction parameter can be independently controlled.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of nanoparticles of MoS.sub.2 supported on TiO.sub.2 wherein the preparation is performed by reductive coprecipitation using aqueous solutions containing Ti and Mo precursor salts, and wherein MoS.sub.2 may be non-promoted or Co-promoted. Further, the invention relates to the use of said nanoparticles as hydrodesulfurization catalysts.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of nanoparticles of MoS.sub.2 supported on TiO.sub.2 wherein the preparation is performed by reductive coprecipitation using aqueous solutions containing Ti and Mo precursor salts, and wherein MoS.sub.2 may be non-promoted or Co-promoted. Further, the invention relates to the use of said nanoparticles as hydrodesulfurization catalysts.

The invention has as its object a catalyst that comprises a substrate based on alumina or silica or silica-alumina, at least one element from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB, and an organic compound of formula (I)

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in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected from among a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl radical, or a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, and R6 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, a methacryloyl radical, an acryloyl radical or an acetyl radical. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking.

The invention has as its object a catalyst that comprises a substrate based on alumina or silica or silica-alumina, at least one element from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB, and an organic compound of formula (I)

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in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected from among a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl radical, or a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, and R6 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, a methacryloyl radical, an acryloyl radical or an acetyl radical. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking.

A catalyst composition is provided for isomerization of paraffins comprising of at least one heteropoly acid and reduced graphene oxide. Further provided are a process for preparation of the catalyst composition and a process for isomerization of paraffins using the catalytic composition.

A catalyst composition is provided for isomerization of paraffins comprising of at least one heteropoly acid and reduced graphene oxide. Further provided are a process for preparation of the catalyst composition and a process for isomerization of paraffins using the catalytic composition.

A method for producing an oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb, the method including: a raw material preparation step including sub-step (I) of preparing an aqueous mixed liquid (A) containing Mo, V, and Sb, sub-step (II) of adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous mixed liquid (A), thereby facilitating oxidation of the aqueous mixed liquid (A) and obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid (A), and sub-step (III) of mixing the aqueous mixed liquid (A) and a Nb raw material liquid (B), thereby obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid (C); a drying step of drying the aqueous mixed liquid (C), thereby obtaining a dried powder; and a calcination step of calcining the dried powder under an inert gas atmosphere, wherein a time elapsed from addition of the hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous mixed liquid (A) to mixing the Nb raw material liquid (B) therewith is less than 5 minutes and the aqueous mixed liquid (A) before being subjected to the sub-step (III) has an oxidation-reduction potential of 150 to 350 mV.

A method for producing an oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Sb, and Nb, the method including: a raw material preparation step including sub-step (I) of preparing an aqueous mixed liquid (A) containing Mo, V, and Sb, sub-step (II) of adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous mixed liquid (A), thereby facilitating oxidation of the aqueous mixed liquid (A) and obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid (A), and sub-step (III) of mixing the aqueous mixed liquid (A) and a Nb raw material liquid (B), thereby obtaining an aqueous mixed liquid (C); a drying step of drying the aqueous mixed liquid (C), thereby obtaining a dried powder; and a calcination step of calcining the dried powder under an inert gas atmosphere, wherein a time elapsed from addition of the hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous mixed liquid (A) to mixing the Nb raw material liquid (B) therewith is less than 5 minutes and the aqueous mixed liquid (A) before being subjected to the sub-step (III) has an oxidation-reduction potential of 150 to 350 mV.

Methods of converting a fluorinated compound into a fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof, the method including reacting the fluorinated compound with a catalytic amount of at least one transition metal compound and an oxygen-containing compound to form the fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof. Compounds formed using such methods are also included, including for example <Insert chemical formulas here as they appear in the electronic copy.> and derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

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