A method for producing an ammoxidation catalyst, comprising: a step of preparing a precursor slurry that is a precursor of the catalyst; a drying step of obtaining a dry particle from the precursor slurry; and a calcination step of calcining the dry particle, wherein the step of preparing the precursor slurry is a step of mixing a first solution or slurry having a first pH and a second solution or slurry to obtain a solution or slurry having a second pH after completion of mixing, a time during which a pH of a mixture passes through a particular range having an upper limit and a lower limit while the second solution or slurry is mixed is 1-70 seconds, he upper limit and the lower limit being designated as a third pH and a fourth pH respectively, and the third pH and the fourth pH are set between the first pH and the second pH.

A method for producing an ammoxidation catalyst, comprising: a step of preparing a precursor slurry that is a precursor of the catalyst; a drying step of obtaining a dry particle from the precursor slurry; and a calcination step of calcining the dry particle, wherein the step of preparing the precursor slurry is a step of mixing a first solution or slurry having a first pH and a second solution or slurry to obtain a solution or slurry having a second pH after completion of mixing, a time during which a pH of a mixture passes through a particular range having an upper limit and a lower limit while the second solution or slurry is mixed is 1-70 seconds, he upper limit and the lower limit being designated as a third pH and a fourth pH respectively, and the third pH and the fourth pH are set between the first pH and the second pH.

The hydrogenation catalyst for heavy hydrocarbon oil, includes: as a carrier, phosphorous-zinc-containing alumina that contains 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the carrier, of phosphorous and 1% by mass to 12% by mass, based on the carrier, of zinc oxide particles, and supporting, on the carrier, 8% by mass to 20% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Group 6 of the periodic table and 2% by mass to 6% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, and the average particle diameter of the zinc oxide particles being 2 ?m to 12 ?m.

The hydrogenation catalyst for heavy hydrocarbon oil, includes: as a carrier, phosphorous-zinc-containing alumina that contains 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the carrier, of phosphorous and 1% by mass to 12% by mass, based on the carrier, of zinc oxide particles, and supporting, on the carrier, 8% by mass to 20% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Group 6 of the periodic table and 2% by mass to 6% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, and the average particle diameter of the zinc oxide particles being 2 ?m to 12 ?m.

The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel. The fuel obtained from the process of the present disclosure is devoid of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.

The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel. The fuel obtained from the process of the present disclosure is devoid of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.

A catalyst comprising NiO, a metal mixture comprising at least one of MoO.sub.3 or WO.sub.3, a mixture comprising at least one of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and P.sub.2O.sub.5. In this embodiment the metal sites on the catalyst are sulfided and the catalyst is capable of removing tar from a synthesis gas while performing methanation and water gas shift reactions at a temperature range from 300? C. to 600? C.

A catalyst comprising NiO, a metal mixture comprising at least one of MoO.sub.3 or WO.sub.3, a mixture comprising at least one of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and P.sub.2O.sub.5. In this embodiment the metal sites on the catalyst are sulfided and the catalyst is capable of removing tar from a synthesis gas while performing methanation and water gas shift reactions at a temperature range from 300? C. to 600? C.

This invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, which is a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate, and to a method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, including preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon from a lignin derivative through hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation using the catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon.

This invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, which is a non-noble-metal supported on zirconium phosphate, and to a method of preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon, including preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon from a lignin derivative through hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation using the catalyst for preparing a cyclic hydrocarbon.