A catalyst for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. The catalyst comprises a calcined particle comprising a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound or cobalt compound, or both compounds, and then forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle that is calcined to provide the calcined particle. The calcination is conducted at a temperature such that at least 20% of the pore volume of the calcined particle is in pores of greater than 5,000 ? and less than 70% of the pore volume of the calcined particle is in the pores having a pore size in the range of from 70 to 250 ?.

Articles comprising a catalyst film comprising VOx, MoO.sub.3 or WO.sub.3, and TiO.sub.2 deposited on a substrate are disclosed. The articles are useful for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in exhaust gases. Methods for producing such articles deposit a catalyst film on the substrate to form a coated substrate, which is then calcined. When used in an SCR process, the coated articles have enhanced activity for NOx conversion, reduced activity for SOx conversion, or both. Light-weight, coated articles having high catalyst loads can be fabricated at the same or reduced dimensions when compared with laminated articles, and increased kNOx/kSOx ratios are available even from coated articles having relatively thin catalyst films. The articles should have particular value for power plant operations, where coal and high-sulfur fuels are commonly used and controlling sulfur trioxide generation is critical.

Articles comprising a catalyst film comprising VOx, MoO.sub.3 or WO.sub.3, and TiO.sub.2 deposited on a substrate are disclosed. The articles are useful for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in exhaust gases. Methods for producing such articles deposit a catalyst film on the substrate to form a coated substrate, which is then calcined. When used in an SCR process, the coated articles have enhanced activity for NOx conversion, reduced activity for SOx conversion, or both. Light-weight, coated articles having high catalyst loads can be fabricated at the same or reduced dimensions when compared with laminated articles, and increased kNOx/kSOx ratios are available even from coated articles having relatively thin catalyst films. The articles should have particular value for power plant operations, where coal and high-sulfur fuels are commonly used and controlling sulfur trioxide generation is critical.

The preparation of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst comprising Mo, V, Nb and Te using a hydrothermal step the activity and reproducibility of the catalyst is improved by conduction the hydrothermal step at higher pressures while permitting gaseous products to leave the reactor. In some instances a condenser may be upstream of the pressure relief valve.

The preparation of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst comprising Mo, V, Nb and Te using a hydrothermal step the activity and reproducibility of the catalyst is improved by conduction the hydrothermal step at higher pressures while permitting gaseous products to leave the reactor. In some instances a condenser may be upstream of the pressure relief valve.

A method for producing a conjugated diolefin is configured as follows. A monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms is fed from a monoolefin feed nozzle(s) installed at n place(s) (n=1, 2, . . . , n). In addition, at least 50% or more of a total amount of an oxygen-containing gas is fed from an oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle located at a bottom of a fluidized bed reactor. Furthermore, the monoolefin feed nozzles at distances a1, a2, . . . , an from the oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle feed the monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms at ratios of b1, b2, . . . , bn (b1+b2+ . . . +bn=1), respectively, and an arithmetic mean value represented by the following formula and obtained from the above distances and the above ratios is 100 mm or more.

arithmetic mean value=a1*b1+a2*b2+ . . . +an*bn

A method for producing a conjugated diolefin is configured as follows. A monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms is fed from a monoolefin feed nozzle(s) installed at n place(s) (n=1, 2, . . . , n). In addition, at least 50% or more of a total amount of an oxygen-containing gas is fed from an oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle located at a bottom of a fluidized bed reactor. Furthermore, the monoolefin feed nozzles at distances a1, a2, . . . , an from the oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle feed the monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms at ratios of b1, b2, . . . , bn (b1+b2+ . . . +bn=1), respectively, and an arithmetic mean value represented by the following formula and obtained from the above distances and the above ratios is 100 mm or more.

arithmetic mean value=a1*b1+a2*b2+ . . . +an*bn

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium, oxygen, and optionally aluminum.

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium, oxygen, and optionally aluminum.

The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. ##STR00001##