Disclosed is an imine-type quaternary ammonium salt catalyst, wherein the catalyst has a general structure formula shown by formula I below; in the formula, R1 and R2, respectively, are independently selected from a C1-C20 linear alkyl or a branched C3-C20 alkyl, and a C1-C20 hydroxylalkyl, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and arylated alkyl; R3 is a linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; and R4 is hydrogen, aryl, a linear C1-C15 alkyl or branched C3-C15 alkyl. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the catalyst and a polyisocyanate composition prepared therefrom. The catalyst, by introducing an imine structure, on the basis of ensuring high catalytic activity thereof, is allowed to have properties of high temperature decomposition and inactivation, and when applied to the synthesis of polyisocyanate, can effectively prevent the risk of explosive polymerization caused by an uncontrolled reaction.

Controlled release polyurea microcapsules can be prepared from a combination of polyisocyanates using emulsion polymerization. Encapsulated catalysts prepared using the polyurea microcapsules can be used to control the cure rate of coatings and sealants.

The invention relates to a method for producing an isocyanate, wherein a carbamate or thiolcarbomate is converted, in the presence of a catalyst, with separation of an alcohol or thioalcohol, at a temperature of at least 150 C., to the corresponding isocyanate, wherein a compound of the general formula (X)(Y)(ZH) is used as a catalyst, in particular characterized in that the compound has both a proton donor function and a proton acceptor function. In the catalysts according to the invention, a separable proton is bound to a heteroatom, which is more electronegative than carbon. Said heteroatom is either identical to Z or a component thereof. In the catalysts according to the invention, there is additionally a proton acceptor function which is either identical to X or a component thereof. According to the invention, the proton donator and proton acceptor function are connected to each other by the bridge Y.

Provided is a process for producing 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, comprising condensing phenol with acetone in the presence of an acid catalyst; wherein the acid catalyst comprises a collection of sulfonated polymeric beads, wherein the sulfonated polymeric beads comprise (i) 75 to 99% by weight, based on the weight of the bead, polymerized units of monofunctional vinyl monomer, and (ii) 1 to 25% by weight, based on the weight of the bead, polymerized units of multifunctional vinyl monomer; wherein 90% or more of the beads by volume are uniform beads.

A composition for the activation (decarboxylation) and improved bioavailability of acid-form cannabinoids is provided. The composition includes dried Cannabis sativa L, such as dried hemp flower, dried food powder, and at least one catalyst, selected from dried citrus juice, lemon juice or composition thereof. The dried Cannabis sativa L is combined with the dried food powder including at least one catalyst for cold decarboxylation and improved bioavailability of cannabinoids. Preferably the catalyst becomes immediately effective when the composition is mixed into an aqueous solution for consumption. The composition is also endowed with a cytochrome p450 enzyme inhibitor in the form of dried food powder having an ascorbic acid content, or other enzyme inhibitor, in sufficient amount to inhibit hepatic enzymes in vivo and improve the bio-effects of the cannabinoids.

Provided is a method for preparing an epoxy compound having an alkoxysilyl group effectively by using a mild catalyst as well as an aromatic alcohol ring-opening agent. The preparation method for an epoxy compound having an alkoxysilyl group includes: performing a ring opening step by reacting an epoxy compound having an epoxide group, which is a starting material, with an aromatic alcohol ring-opening agent in the presence of a phosphine-based catalyst and an optional solvent so as to obtain an intermediate having a partially ring-opened epoxide group; and performing an alkoxysilylation step by reacting the intermediate having a partially ring-opened epoxide with isocyanate alkoxysilane.

The invention discloses a method for preparing maleate by selective catalytic oxidation of lignin. The method uses a heteropolyacid functionalized ionic liquid as a catalyst, and an aqueous alcohol solution as a reaction medium to achieve high-efficiency selective catalytic conversion and ring opening oxidation of biomass lignin at a reaction temperature of 110-160 C. and an oxygen pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa for 1-6 h. The selectivity of maleate is higher than 47.83%. The yield and selectivity of a single chemical derived from the depolymerization of lignin in the present invention are much higher than the prior art, and the ionic liquid catalyst exhibits outstanding advantages such as availability of recovery and recycling through simple temperature adjustment; the reaction conditions of the present invention are mild, and the process is green and safe, easy to operate, and available for batch and continuous production. The invention provides a new green way for preparing bulk chemicals like maleate from reproducible raw materials such as lignin.

The present invention relates to novel poly(heptazine imides), a photocatalytic system comprising such poly(heptazine imides) and a sulfur source as well as the application thereof in photocatalytic reactions.

Disclosed herein are processes, systems, and reaction systems for the oligomerization of ethylene to form an ethylene oligomer product in a reaction zone using a catalyst system having i) a chromium component comprising a heteroatomic ligand chromium compound complex of the type disclosed herein, and ii) an aluminoxane. A C.sub.3+ olefin can be present in the reaction zone for a period of time, where the C.sub.3+ olefin is not an ethylene oligomer formed in-situ within the reaction zone.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of trifloxystrobin of formula (I), which is simple, economical, efficient, user and environment friendly, moreover commercially viable with higher yield and chemical purity.

##STR00001##