Provided is a method for preparing an epoxy compound having an alkoxysilyl group effectively by using a mild catalyst as well as an aromatic alcohol ring-opening agent. The preparation method for an epoxy compound having an alkoxysilyl group includes: performing a ring opening step by reacting an epoxy compound having an epoxide group, which is a starting material, with an aromatic alcohol ring-opening agent in the presence of a phosphine-based catalyst and an optional solvent so as to obtain an intermediate having a partially ring-opened epoxide group; and performing an alkoxysilylation step by reacting the intermediate having a partially ring-opened epoxide with isocyanate alkoxysilane.

Provided here are methods of making derivatives and prodrugs of substituted morpholines or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Further provided are methods of making derivatives and prodrugs of substituted morpholines having the following chemical structure: ##STR00001##

A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, comprising: performing a cyclization reaction on 4,5-dichloro-4-methoxypentanenitrile in presence of a silicon compound and an acylamide compound to obtain 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine. Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparation of 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, comprising: performing a cyclization reaction on 1-(chloroacetyl)-2-(trifluoroacetyl)hydrazine in a presence of a silicon compound and an acylamide compound to obtain 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. The silicon compound or/and acylamide compound provided by the present invention serve as cyclization reagents and have high efficiency.

A multifunctional catalyst, a method for producing the same, and a method for using the same are provided. The multifunctional catalyst is applicable for recycling a polyester fabric. The multifunctional catalyst includes a carrier, and a first functional ionic liquid and a second functional ionic liquid that are grafted on the carrier. The carrier is an inorganic composite powder material, and is composed of following chemical components: C: NaNi/Al.sub.2O.sub.3. In a process of recycling the polyester fabric, the multifunctional catalyst simultaneously decolorizes and depolymerizes the polyester fabric. The first functional ionic liquid is used to decolorize the polyester fabric, and the second functional ionic liquid is used to depolymerize the polyester fabric.

The invention relates to a method for preparation of (meth)acrylic acid esters from (meth)acrylic acid anhydrides. Wherein the method for preparation of the (meth)acrylic acid ester, comprises at least step (a) as follows: (a) reacting a (meth)acrylic acid anhydride of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; with a substrate in the presence of a first catalyst to form a product mixture comprising the (meth)acrylic acid ester; and wherein: the substrate is selected from the group consisting of: primary alcohols; secondary alcohols; tertiary alcohols; and phenols; and the first catalyst comprises a salt of magnesium or of a rare earth element.

The invention discloses a method for preparing maleate by selective catalytic oxidation of lignin. The method uses a heteropolyacid functionalized ionic liquid as a catalyst, and an aqueous alcohol solution as a reaction medium to achieve high-efficiency selective catalytic conversion and ring opening oxidation of biomass lignin at a reaction temperature of 110-160 C. and an oxygen pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa for 1-6 h. The selectivity of maleate is higher than 47.83%. The yield and selectivity of a single chemical derived from the depolymerization of lignin in the present invention are much higher than the prior art, and the ionic liquid catalyst exhibits outstanding advantages such as availability of recovery and recycling through simple temperature adjustment; the reaction conditions of the present invention are mild, and the process is green and safe, easy to operate, and available forbatch and continuous production. The invention provides a new green way for preparing bulk chemicals like maleate from reproducible raw materials such as lignin.

Described herein are methods of preparing poly(alkylene carbonate) polymers comprising an increased ratio of primary hydroxyl end groups to secondary hydroxyl end groups, and compositions thereof.

The invention discloses a composite material used for catalyzing and degrading nitrogen oxide and its preparation method and application thereof. The invention of the hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide composite-polymer carbonized nanofiber material is prepared as follow: 1) the preparation of silica nanospheres; 2) the preparation of hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanospheres; 3) the preparation of graphene oxide; 4) the preparation of surface modified hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanoparticles preparation; 5) the preparation of composites; 6) the preparation of composite-polymer carbon nanofiber material. The raw materials used in the process is low cost and easy to get; the operation of the invention is simple and convenient without the use of expensive equipment in the whole process; the composite has high adsorption efficiency of ppb level nitrogen oxide with good repeatability.

A method for preparation of (meth)acrylate esters of polysiloxanes. The method comprises contacting in the presence of zirconium acetylacetonate or hafnium acetylacetonate: (i) a polysiloxane having at least two hydroxyl groups, each of which is attached to a carbon atom, and (ii) a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate.

A method for dehydrocoupling silanes and amines. The method comprises contacting: (a) an aliphatic amine; (b) a silane; and (c) a catalyst which is Z.sub.nX.sub.2, wherein X is alkyl, chloride, bromide, iodide, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, tosylate, methanesulfonate or O.sub.3S(CF.sub.2)XCF.sub.3 wherein x is an integer from 1 to 10.