An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion.

The present disclosure provides a process for preparing a hydrocarbon fuel from waste rubber. The process involves admixing, in a reaction vessel, at least one fluid medium with the waste rubber to obtain a slurry; wherein the concentration of the waste rubber in the slurry ranges from 45% to 70%. A reactor is charged with the slurry and a predetermined amount of at least one catalyst composition to obtain a mixture, followed by introduction of hydrogen to the reactor to attain a predetermined pressure and heating the mixture at a predetermined temperature, to attain an autogenously generated pressure, and for a predetermined time period to obtain a reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel. This reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel is then cooled to obtain a cooled reaction mass. The hydrocarbon fuel is then separated from the cooled reaction mass.

Provided are a photocatalyst transfer film allowing a uniform and highly transparent photocatalyst layer to be transferred to the surfaces of various transfer base materials; and a production method thereof. The photocatalyst transfer film has, on a biaxially oriented polypropylene film, a photocatalyst layer containing a titanium oxide particle-containing photocatalyst, a silicon compound and a surfactant. The production method of the photocatalyst transfer film includes applying a photocatalyst coating liquid to a biaxially oriented polypropylene film; and performing drying. The photocatalyst coating liquid contains a titanium oxide particle-containing photocatalyst, a silicon compound, a surfactant and an aqueous dispersion medium.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Methods of synthesizing cerium oxide and polyaniline nanocomposites, including nanospheres enclosing a hollow core, are specified. Properties of the cerium oxide and polyaniline nanocomposites are described, as well as a method of using the nanocomposites as photocatalysts for the reduction of an aromatic nitro compound using visible light. A method for reusing the nanocomposites as photocatalysts is also discussed.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places inavicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

In order to provide g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 capable of being simply and easily handled, a g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 film is produced by heating, as a starting material, a compound represented by X.sup.+.sub.mY.sup.m, wherein X.sup.+ is a guanidium ion or the like ion, and Y.sup.m is an anion, to vaporize the compound or its reactant, and depositing the compound or the reactant over a surface of a base material heated, the surface carrying negative electric charges or having electrons, so that the compound or the reactant is polymerized on the base material to generate g-C.sub.3N.sub.4.

Polydentate macrocyclic NHCs (NHC ligands) and related methods are disclosed. Such ligands advantageously facilitate a variety of ligand coordination modes and stabilize oxidation states of metal complexes with a number of coordination environments and shapes. The NHC ligands described herein comprise pendant groups configured to facilitate a variety of reactions including: cis-trans isomerization, proton shuttling and facilitating changes in coordination environments as a result of redox reactions.

Embodiments are directed to adamantane-intercalated layered double-hydroxide (LDH) particles and the methods of producing adamantane-intercalated LDH particles. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles have a general formula defined by [M.sub.1-xAl.sub.x(OH).sub.2](A).sub.x.mH.sub.2O, where x is from 0.14 to 0.33, m is from 0.33 to 0.50, M is chosen from Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn, and A is adamantane carboxylate. The adamantane-intercalated LDH particles further have an aspect ratio greater than 100. The aspect ratio is defined by the width of an adamantane-intercalated LDH particle divided by the thickness of the adamantane-intercalated LDH particle.