This invention relates to nickel catalysts with alkali ions for homopolymerization and copolymerization.

A catalyst including gold, or a compound thereof, and sulphur, a compound of sulphur, trichloroisocyanuric acid or a metal dichloroisocyanurate on a support, together with a process for manufacturing the catalyst and its use in a chemical process are described.

A catalyst including: neodymium; sodium; and a ligand, which is a compound expressed by Structural Formula (1) below, wherein the neodymium and the ligand form a complex at a molar ratio of 1:2 (neodymium:ligand):

##STR00001##

A catalyst, which is obtained by mixing a compound expressed by the following Structural Formula (1), a nitroalkane compound, a neodymium-containing compound, a sodium-containing compound, and a carbon structure: ##STR00001##

This invention relates to nickel catalysts with alkali ions for homopolymerization and copolymerization.

A method for isomerizing methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride includes the following processes. A liquid reactant is provided. Under a condition of injecting nitrogen gas, an alkaline catalyst is added into the liquid reactant for an isomerization reaction, so as to obtain an isomerization product. The liquid reactant includes 3-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride and 4-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride. Based on a total weight of the isomerization product being 100 wt %, an amount of a methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride dimer is lower than 1.6 wt %.

Disclosed is a halide-free catalyst system and method for oxidizing toluene to form benzoic acid in benzoic acid solvent. The catalyst system contains Co, at least one of Zr and Hf, and an alkali metal basic salt.

Disclosed are (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate, a waterborne polyurethane, and preparation methods thereof. The (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate could be used as a modified monomer for preparing a waterborne polyurethane, and substituents at a C2 position of the (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate are two fluorine atoms and one bromine atom. When it is used for preparing the waterborne polyurethane, fluorine and bromine groups are introduced into the structure of the waterborne polyurethane, and the resultant waterborne polyurethane exhibits good moisture resistance and flame retardance.