Disclosed herein are methods of forming (co)polymers from polymerizable compositions, the methods comprising irradiating the polymerizable compositions with light, wherein the polymerizable compositions comprise a polymerization initiator having an absorption band and exhibiting triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion and a monomer. Also disclosed herein are methods of additive manufacturing using the methods of forming (co)polymers described herein.

Some embodiments of the invention include methods of using a compound (e.g., Formula (I)) for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate by contacting the carbon dioxide with a composition comprising a compound. In certain embodiments, the source of the carbon dioxide is air or is flue gas. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO.sub.2RR) provides opportunities to synthesize value-added products from this greenhouse gas in a sustainable manner. Efficient catalysts for this reaction are provided that selectively drive CO.sub.2 reduction over the thermodynamic and kinetically competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in organic or aqueous electrolytes. The catalysts are metal-polypyridyl coordination complexes of a redox non-innocent terpyridine-based pentapyridine ligand and a first-row transition metal. The metal-ligand cooperativity in [Fe(tpyPY2Me)].sup.2+ drives the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO at low overpotentials with high selectivity for CO.sub.2RR (>90%).

A high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst, a method for fabricating the same, and applications of the same are disclosed. An organic complexing ligand, which is formed via mixing fatty alcohols and alicyclic carbonates, is used to generate a high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst includes at least one double-metal-cyanide compound, at least one organic complexing ligand, and an optional functionalized compound. The double-metal-cyanide catalyst of the present invention has a higher activity than the conventional double-metal-cyanide catalysts. The polyols generated by the present invention has an insignificant amount of high-molecular-weight compounds.

A new metal organic framework (MOF) series and method of synthesizing the same are disclosed which includes an organic linking ligand having the formula:

##STR00001##

and a metal ion bonded to the organic linking ligand.

A high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst, a method for fabricating the same, and applications of the same are disclosed. An organic complexing ligand, which is formed via mixing fatty alcohols and alicyclic carbonates, is used to generate a high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst includes at least one double-metal-cyanide compound, at least one organic complexing ligand, and an optional functionalized compound. The double-metal-cyanide catalyst of the present invention has a higher activity than the conventional double-metal-cyanide catalysts. The polyols generated by the present invention has an insignificant amount of high-molecular-weight compounds.

A method for dehydrocoupling silanes and amines. The method comprises contacting: (a) an aliphatic amine; (b) a silane; and (c) a catalyst which is ZnX.sub.2, wherein X is alkyl, chloride, bromide, iodide, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, tosylate, methanesulfonate or O.sub.3S(CF.sub.2).sub.xCF.sub.3 wherein x is an integer from 1 to 10.

A self-cleaning fabric having a photocatalyst responsive to UV, visible and IR irradiations for inactivating harmful microorganisms via photocatalysis.

A compound capable of coordinating with a metal includes a chemical structure as shown in claim 1, in which: EPD represents a group having an electron pair donor atom; B and B are each independently an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkenyl group, or alkynyl group, or B and B form a spirocyclic group; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are selected from various substituents.

A method for making a metal organic framework suspension is described herein. The method includes providing a hybrid material comprising a nano-crystalline metal organic framework comprising micropores and a mesoporous polymeric material comprising mesopores, wherein the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is homogeneously dispersed and substantially present only within the mesopores or void spaces of the mesoporous polymeric material; and wherein the hybrid material has a weight percentage of the metal organic framework in the range of 5-50% relative to the total weight of the hybrid material. The method includes contacting the hybrid material with a solvent in which the mesoporous polymeric material is soluble, thereby forming a polymeric solution in which the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is substantially homogeneously dispersed and suspended.