Disclosed herein are a chromium compound represented by Formula 1a or 1c and a catalyst system including the same, exhibiting superior catalytic activity in an olefin trimerization reaction:
[{CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CO.sub.2}.sub.2Cr(OH)][Formula 1a]
[{CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CO.sub.2}.sub.2Cr(OH)].sub.4.2H.sub.2O.[Formula 1c]

Catalyst systems containing a titanium alkoxymagnesium halide supported catalyst component can be used for the polymerization of olefins. The catalyst can be prepared from a microcrystalline solid alkoxymagnesium halide support having a lattice spacing in the 5 nm to 15 nm range.

The present invention relates to a transition metal-based heterogeneous carbonylation reaction catalyst that has an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the carbonylation reaction and is easily separated from a product, by crosslinking polymerizing a transition metal-based homogeneous catalyst unit through a Friedel-Craft reaction; and a method for preparing lactone using the same. The transition metal-based heterogeneous carbonylation reaction catalyst allows to produce lactone or succinic anhydride with an epoxide compound while showing a high selectivity, and can be applied in industrial very usefully due to easy separation from the product and thus reusing thereof.

Provided are catalysts, methods of making catalysts, methods of using catalysts, and copolymers made utilizing the catalysts. The catalyst has a metal salen complex group, a bridging group, and one or more co-catalyst groups. The metal salen complex group is attached to the bridging group and the bridging group is attached to the co-catalyst group. The copolymers made utilizing the catalysts are polyesters or polycarbonates.

SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes are produced by transesterification of alkoxysiloxanes with polyetherols in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonate as catalyst. The computational total water content of the reactants including alkoxysiloxanes and polyetherols is 5000 ppm by mass, advantageously 300 ppm by mass, preferably 150 ppm by mass, more preferably 100 ppm by mass, in particular 50 ppm by mass. The determination of the individual water contents is performed beforehand, preferably by titration according to Karl Fischer.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a mode of asymmetric induction in radical processes based on enhanced hydrogen-bonding capability and the situation of metal centers in cavity-like chiral environments. Also disclosed is an asymmetric system for stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropane and aziridine derivatives. The disclosed Co(II)-based metalloradical system has been shown to have an unusual capability of controlling both the degree and sense of asymmetric induction in cyclopropanation and aziridination reactions in a systematic manner. The disclosed system is applicable to a broad scope of substrates having diazo or azido moieties and exhibits a remarkable profile of reactivity and selectivity, providing access to cyclopropane diastereomers and aziridine enantiomers in highly enantioenriched forms. Also disclosed are catalysts useful in the disclosed processes. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention refers to a process for a transition metal, particularly nickel-catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl/vinyl halide using organic nitrile compounds. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl/vinyl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.

The present invention provides an organometal catalyst having a cationic metal complex and a borate-based bulky anion, where the metal is one or more selected from the group consisting of metals in group 13, a method for preparing the same, and a method for preparing an oligomer or a polymer using the same.

The present invention relates to the field of polymerisation catalysts, and systems comprising these catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein at least one of M.sub.1 or M.sub.2 is selected from Ni(II) and Ni(III)-X. A process for the reaction of carbon dioxide with an epoxide; an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or a lactide and/or a lactone in the presence of the catalyst is also described.

A method for processing an oligomerization product stream includes discharging the oligomerization product stream from an oligomerization reactor through a product outlet line, and heating the oligomerization product stream, heating a wall of the product outlet line, or both. The oligomerization product stream includes solvent, linear alpha olefins, a polymer byproduct, or a combination of at least one of the foregoing. The heating is to a temperature that is greater than the melting temperature of the polymer byproduct present in the oligomerization product stream.