This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefin precursors, such as 2-cyanoacetates, using an acid catalyzed transesterification reaction.

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefin precursors, such as 2-cyanoacetates, using an acid catalyzed esterification reaction.

This invention relates to a process for producing electron deficient olefins, such as 2-cyanoacrylates, using an acid catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction.

A catalyst including: neodymium; sodium; and a ligand, which is a compound expressed by Structural Formula (1) below, wherein the neodymium and the ligand form a complex at a molar ratio of 1:2 (neodymium:ligand): ##STR00001##

A molecular building block composition can include a metal ion component; and a ligand component including a core including at least one functional group associated with the metal ion component and the core.

A one-pot process for preparing a preformed catalytic system based on a rare-earth metallocene in a hydrocarbon solvent in three performed steps.

Methods of synthesizing cerium oxide and polyaniline nanocomposites, including nanospheres enclosing a hollow core, are specified. Properties of the cerium oxide and polyaniline nanocomposites are described, as well as a method of using the nanocomposites as photocatalysts for the reduction of an aromatic nitro compound using visible light. A method for reusing the nanocomposites as photocatalysts is also discussed.

A molecular building block composition can include a metal ion component; and a ligand component including a core including at least one functional group associated with the metal ion component and the core.

A compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 according to the present invention can coordinate with metal ions to form a bidirectional or multidirectional metal-organic hybrid structure. Thus, the present invention can synthesize various ligands using amine-aldehyde condensation, and synthesize metal-organic materials using the same.

The present invention discloses a homogenous cerium (Ce) catalyst composition comprising Ce(IV) complex alone, or Ce(IV) complex in a mixture with Ce(III) complex, that can significantly improve both LPG and soot combustion, resulting in higher flame temperatures, faster heating, reduced cooking time and reduced fuel consumption. The cerium(III) complex is cerium(III) 2-ethylhexanoate and the cerium(IV) complex is aqua(2-N-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-4-pentanoate) dinitrocerium(IV) [Ce(L1)(H.sub.2O)(NO.sub.3).sub.2], wherein L1 is 2-N-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-4-pentanone.