The invention relates to a new dialkyl tin oxide catalyst composition and its use for the synthesis of amino alkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from an alkyl (meth)acrylates and an amino alcohol, and especially 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.

The invention also relates to polymers made with quaternized amino alkyl (meth)acrylates and use of said polymers in water treatment, sludge dewatering, papermaking process, agriculture, cosmetic and detergency composition, textile process, oil and gas recovery process such as enhanced oil recovery, fracturing, mining operation such as tailings treatment.

A method of forming dialkyl carbonate is provided, which includes introducing carbon dioxide into a catalyst to form dialkyl carbonate, wherein the catalyst is formed by activating a catalyst precursor using alcohol, wherein alcohol is R.sup.3—OH, and R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl group or C.sub.5-12 aryl or heteroaryl group. The catalyst precursor is formed by reacting Sn(R.sub.1).sub.2(L).sub.2 and Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4, and Sn(R.sup.1).sub.2(L).sub.2 and Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4 have a molar ratio of 1:2 to 2:1. R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, R.sup.2 is H or C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, and L is O—(C═O)—R.sup.5, and R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl group. The dialkyl carbonate is

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

A compound capable of coordinating with a metal includes a chemical structure as shown in claim 1, in which: EPD represents a group having an electron pair donor atom; B and B are each independently an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkenyl group, or alkynyl group, or B and B form a spirocyclic group; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are selected from various substituents.

Provided is a mono-tin organic compound for the synthesis of sucrose-6-carboxylate. The compound has a structure shown in formula (1), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 linear or branched saturated alkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 linear or branched unsaturated alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 substituted or unsubstituted saturated cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated cycloalkyl, and C.sub.6 to C.sub.12 aryl or substituted aryl; and R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched saturated alkyl and C.sub.6 to C.sub.12 aryl or substituted aryl.

Provided are a supported catalyst and a method for synthesizing a sucrose-6-ester. The supported catalyst includes an active functional component and an inorganic carrier, wherein the active functional component is a compound shown in formula (1), wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; R is an atom linked to a surface of the inorganic carrier; and one or two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 is/are hydrocarbyl, and the rest are independently any one selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyloxy, and acetoxy.

Provided is a method for preparing a solution B comprising at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, comprising at least the following steps of (A) providing a solution A comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one first solvent, (B) treating the solution A from step (A) with activated carbon, (C) removing the activated carbon from the solution A, and (D) exchanging the at least one first solvent in solution A for at least one second solvent in order to obtain the solution B comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, to a solution of at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, obtainable by the method according to the invention, to the use of this solution for preparing a composition comprising the at least one catalyst, the at least one second solvent, at least one polyisocyanate and at least one NCO-reactive compound, to the use of this composition for producing a single-layered or multi-layered coating system and a corresponding process.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a mode of asymmetric induction in radical processes based on enhanced hydrogen-bonding capability and the situation of metal centers in cavity-like chiral environments. Also disclosed is an asymmetric system for stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropane and aziridine derivatives. The disclosed Co(II)-based metalloradical system has been shown to have an unusual capability of controlling both the degree and sense of asymmetric induction in cyclopropanation and aziridination reactions in a systematic manner. The disclosed system is applicable to a broad scope of substrates having diazo or azido moieties and exhibits a remarkable profile of reactivity and selectivity, providing access to cyclopropane diastereomers and aziridine enantiomers in highly enantioenriched forms. Also disclosed are catalysts useful in the disclosed processes. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Tin-containing catalysts are provided comprising a compound of formula I. I: ##STR00001##
L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently selected from O, S, OC(O), OC(S), SC(O), SC(S), OS(O).sub.2O, OS(O).sub.2 N(R6)-, and OP(O)(R6)-, wherein R6 represents hydrogen or a monovalent aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group having up to 20 carbon atoms. R1, R2, R3, R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a divalent aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group having up to 20 carbon atoms; and R4, R5, R4, and R5 each independently represent hydrogen or a monovalent residue derived from reaction of a respective NH group with an isocyanate, an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a lactone, a dilactone, a thiolactone, a lactam, a thiolactam, a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, or an epoxide. Also provided are curable compositions containing these catalysts and methods of controlling the rate of cure of curable compositions.

Tin (II) glucarate is found to be effective alone and in combination with other tin compounds for catalyzing the reaction of carboxylic acids such as furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and adipic acid with alcohols such as the C1-C3 alcohols.