Provided are industrial processes for producing an organic acid alky ester from a feedstock containing organic acids and/or saponifiables, comprising: countercurrently contacting a feedstock with an organic alkylating reagent over two or more vessels or stages at temperature between 100? C. and 400? C. and pressure between 0.1 barg and 355 barg while simultaneously removing water and/or glycerin with unreacted alkylating reagent from the final vessel or stage to result in a first reaction method product containing organic acid alkyl esters, followed by a choice of using the alkyl esters as-is, purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from the first reaction product mixture or subjecting the first reaction product mixture to an additional transesterification reaction to convert saponifiables into additional organic acid alkyl esters, then purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from this second reaction method product.

A process to produce a branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer comprising combining a catalyst precursor and an activator with a feed comprising ethylene, C3 to C12 -olefins, and a dual-polymerizable diene to obtain a branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer; where the catalyst precursor is selected from pyridyldiamide and quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes. The branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer may comprise within a range from 40 to 80 wt % of ethylene-derived units by weight of the branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer, and 0.1 to 2 wt % of singly-polymerizable diene derived units, 0.1 to 2 wt % of singly-polymerizable diene derived units, and the remainder comprising C3 to C12 -olefin derived units, wherein the branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) within a range from 100 kg/mole to 300 kg/mole, an average branching index (g.sub.avg) of 0.9 or more, and a branching index at very high M.sub.w (g.sub.1000) of less than 0.9.

A process to produce a branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer comprising combining a catalyst precursor and an activator with a feed comprising ethylene, C3 to C12 -olefins, and a dual-polymerizable diene to obtain a branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer; where the catalyst precursor is selected from pyridyldiamide and quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes. The branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer may comprise within a range from 40 to 80 wt % of ethylene-derived units by weight of the branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer, and 0.1 to 2 wt % of singly-polymerizable diene derived units, 0.1 to 2 wt % of singly-polymerizable diene derived units, and the remainder comprising C3 to C12 -olefin derived units, wherein the branched ethylene--olefin diene elastomer has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) within a range from 100 kg/mole to 300 kg/mole, an average branching index (g.sub.avg) of 0.9 or more, and a branching index at very high M.sub.w (g.sub.1000) of less than 0.9.

A process for producing alpha-olefin dimers comprises contacting, at a temperature of 80 C. or more, a feedstock comprising at least one C.sub.8+ (linear) alpha-olefin with a catalyst system comprising activator and one or more catalyst compounds represented by the formula: ##STR00001##
where M is a Group 4 metal; n is 1, 2, or 3; R.sup.A is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl; each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydrides, amides, alkoxides, sulfides, phosphides, halides, and a combination thereof, (two X's may form a part of a fused ring or a ring system), the contacting being conducted under conditions effective to oligomerize at least part of C.sub.8+ alpha-olefin to produce an oligomerized product containing at least 30 wt % of the alpha-olefin dimer and at least 80 mol % of vinylidene unsaturation, where the conversion of the alpha olefin is at least 10 wt %, based upon the weight of the alpha olefin monomer entering the reactor and the weight of dimer produced.

Disclosed herein are dual catalyst compositions containing an unbridged metallocene compound, a bridged metallocene compound, a chemically-treated solid oxide, and an optional co-catalyst. These catalyst compositions can be used for the oligomerization of propylene to produce an oligomer product. For example, a heavy propylene oligomer can be recovered from the oligomer product, and the heavy propylene oligomer can be characterized by a high flash point and viscosity index, and a low pour point.

The present invention discloses processes for oligomerizing an olefin feedstock containing C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alpha olefins using a catalyst system containing a metallocene compound, an organoaluminum compound, and a suspension of a chemically-treated solid oxide. The liquid medium for the suspension of the chemically-treated solid oxide can be an alpha-olefin oligomer product formed by the oligomerization process.

Polymerization catalyst compositions are provided as are methods of their preparation. The compositions comprise fatty amines and find advantageous use in olefin polymerization processes. The catalyst composition comprises at least one supported polymerization catalyst wherein the catalyst composition is modified with at least one fatty amine wherein the fatty amine is substantially free of particulate inorganic material.

Disclosed is a catalyst and process for producing ammonia (NH.sub.3). The process includes contacting a gaseous feed mixture comprising nitrogen (N.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) with a metal hydride material under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a product stream comprising NH.sub.3.

The present invention relates to a high-density ethylene-based polymer comprising an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of an -olefin, a cyclic olefin, and a straight, branched and cyclic diene. According to the present invention, the high-density polyethylene resin has a wide molecular weight distribution and excellent comonomer distribution characteristics, has excellent melt flowability due to a long chain branched structure, and has excellent mechanical characteristics since the comonomer distribution is concentrated in a high-molecular-weight body. The high-density ethylene polymer of the present invention has excellent molding processability during processing such as extrusion, compression, injection and rotational molding by having excellent mechanical characteristics and melt flowability.

A high-density ethylene-based polymer is provided. The high-density ethylene-based polymer contains an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of an -olefin, a cyclic olefin, and a straight, branched and cyclic diene. The high-density polyethylene resin has a wide molecular weight distribution and excellent comonomer distribution characteristics, has excellent melt flowability due to a long chain branched structure, and has excellent mechanical characteristics since the comonomer distribution is concentrated in a high-molecular-weight body. The high-density ethylene polymer has excellent molding processability during processing such as extrusion, compression, injection and rotational molding by having excellent mechanical characteristics and melt flowability.