Disclosed is an unsupported hydrogenation catalyst, its preparation and application thereof. The unsupported hydrogenation catalyst is composed of a complex formed by bonding a metal central atom or central ion with an organic ligand through coordination bond, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Group VB metals, Group VIB metals, Group VIII metals, Group IB metals or combinations thereof that have a hydrogenation activity. The organic ligand comprises a hydrocarbyl moiety and a coordinating group, and forms a coordination bond with the metal central atom or central ion through an oxygen atom. The unsupported hydrogenation catalyst can be used for hydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbons, and has high oil solubility, dispersibility and hydrogenation activity.

The present disclosure features a method of making an engine aftertreatment catalyst, where the engine aftertreatment catalyst includes a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or vanadium oxide when the metal oxide is different from vanadium oxide, each of which can be independently surface-modified with a surface modifier. The method includes providing a solution including an organic solvent and an organometallic compound; mixing the solution with a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or a vanadium oxide to provide a mixture; drying the mixture; and calcining the mixture to provide a surface-modified metal oxide catalyst, a surface-modified metal zeolite catalyst, and/or a surface-modified vanadium oxide catalyst. The organometallic compound can be, for example, a metal alkoxide, a metal carboxylate, a metal acetylacetonate, and/or a metal organic acid ester.

The present invention relates to the field of polymerisation catalysts, and systems comprising said catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I):

##STR00001##

Wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are independently selected from Zn(II), Cr(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), Fe(II), Ti(II), V(II), Cr(III)-X, Co(III)-X, Ni(III)-X, Mn(III)-X, Fe(III)-X, Ca(II), Ge(II), Al(III)-X, Ti(III)-X, V(III)-X, Ge(IV)-(X).sub.2 or Ti(IV)-(X).sub.2. R.sub.3A is different from R.sub.3B; and/or at least one occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6 is different to a remaining occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6. A ligand, a process of asymmetric N-substitution of a symmetrical ligand and a process for the reaction of: (i) carbon dioxide with an epoxide; (ii) an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or (iii) a lactide and/or a lactone, in the presence of a catalyst is also described.

The present invention relates to the field of polymerisation catalysts, and systems comprising these catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein at least one of M.sub.1 or M.sub.2 is selected from Ni(II) and Ni(III)-X. A process for the reaction of carbon dioxide with an epoxide; an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or a lactide and/or a lactone in the presence of the catalyst is also described.

The present invention relates to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprised of at least one chemical element selected from Groups 3-11 (including the lanthanides, atomic numbers 58 to 71), and at least one chemical element selected from Groups 13-15 from the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. These interstitial metal hydrides, their catalysts and processes using these interstitial metal hydrides and catalysts of the present invention improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

The present disclosure features a method of making an engine aftertreatment catalyst, where the engine aftertreatment catalyst includes a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or vanadium oxide when the metal oxide is different from vanadium oxide, each of which can be independently surface-modified with a surface modifier. The method includes providing a solution including an organic solvent and an organometallic compound; mixing the solution with a metal oxide, a metal zeolite, and/or a vanadium oxide to provide a mixture; drying the mixture; and calcining the mixture to provide a surface-modified metal oxide catalyst, a surface-modified metal zeolite catalyst, and/or a surface-modified vanadium oxide catalyst. The organometallic compound can be, for example, a metal alkoxide, a metal carboxylate, a metal acetylacetonate, and/or a metal organic acid ester.

A homogeneous catalyst system is removed from a reaction mixture of two liquid phases by separating the two liquid phases with a membrane having at least one separation-active layer in such a way that the homogeneous catalyst system is at least partially concentrated in a membrane retentate; wherein the reaction mixture contains at least one partially epoxidized cyclic unsaturated compound having twelve carbon atoms; and wherein the membrane separation-active layer contains crosslinked a silicone acrylate and/or polydimethylsiloxane and/or polyimide.

An apparatus for the epoxidation of a cyclic unsaturated C.sub.12 compound with hydrogen peroxide is provided. The apparatus includes a reactor for carrying out the reaction, wherein the walls of the reactor are at least partially furnished with a separation-active layer of crosslinked silicone acrylates and/or polydimethylsiloxane.

The present disclosure relates to a transition metal based pro-catalyst represented by Formula I: wherein, the substituents have the meaning as defined in the specification. The present disclosure also relates to a process for preparing the transition metal based pro-catalyst represented by Formula I and the catalyst composition obtained therefrom. Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for polymerizing olefins by employing the catalyst composition comprising the transition metal based pro-catalyst represented by Formula I. ##STR00001##

A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition is capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin. Ingredient (A) contains a metal-ligand complex that can be prepared by a method including reacting a metal precursor and a ligand.